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Clustering samples according to an effective metric and/or vector space representation is a challenging unsupervised learning task with a wide spectrum of applications. Among several clustering algorithms, k-means and its kernelized version…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Marco Jacopo Ferrarotti , Sergio Decherchi , Walter Rocchia

This paper introduces a novel K-means clustering algorithm, an advancement on the conventional Big-means methodology. The proposed method efficiently integrates parallel processing, stochastic sampling, and competitive optimization to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Rustam Mussabayev , Ravil Mussabayev

The $k$-means method is an iterative clustering algorithm which associates each observation with one of $k$ clusters. It traditionally employs cluster centers in the same space as the observed data. By relaxing this requirement, it is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-06 Matthew Thorpe , Florian Theil , Adam M. Johansen , Neil Cade

The k-means clustering algorithm is a popular algorithm that partitions data into k clusters. There are many improvements to accelerate the standard algorithm. Most current research employs upper and lower bounds on point-to-cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Andreas Lang , Erich Schubert

Quantum computing is a promising paradigm based on quantum theory for performing fast computations. Quantum algorithms are expected to surpass their classical counterparts in terms of computational complexity for certain tasks, including…

Traditionally, practitioners initialize the {\tt k-means} algorithm with centers chosen uniformly at random. Randomized initialization with uneven weights ({\tt k-means++}) has recently been used to improve the performance over this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-02 Jordan Yoder , Carey E. Priebe

K-means clustering is a workhorse of unsupervised learning, but it is notoriously brittle to outliers, distribution shifts, and limited sample sizes. Viewing k-means as Lloyd--Max quantization of the empirical distribution, we develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Vikrant Malik , Taylan Kargin , Babak Hassibi

Algorithms for clustering points in metric spaces is a long-studied area of research. Clustering has seen a multitude of work both theoretically, in understanding the approximation guarantees possible for many objective functions such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Maria-Florina Balcan , Travis Dick , Colin White

Clustering is one of the most important tools for analysis of large datasets, and perhaps the most popular clustering algorithm is Lloyd's algorithm for $k$-means. This algorithm takes $n$ vectors $V=[v_1,\dots,v_n]\in\mathbb{R}^{d\times…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Arjan Cornelissen , Joao F. Doriguello , Alessandro Luongo , Ewin Tang

We show that the popular k-means clustering algorithm (Lloyd's heuristic), used for a variety of scientific data, can result in outcomes that are unfavorable to subgroups of data (e.g., demographic groups). Such biased clusterings can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Mehrdad Ghadiri , Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala

The K-Means clustering using LLoyd's algorithm is an iterative approach to partition the given dataset into K different clusters. The algorithm assigns each point to the cluster based on the following objective function \[\ \min…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ashish Srivastava , Mohammed Nawfal

Kernel-based clustering algorithms have the ability to capture the non-linear structure in real world data. Among various kernel-based clustering algorithms, kernel k-means has gained popularity due to its simple iterative nature and ease…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Radha Chitta , Rong Jin , Timothy C. Havens , Anil K. Jain

$K$-means, a simple and effective clustering algorithm, is one of the most widely used algorithms in multimedia and computer vision community. Traditional $k$-means is an iterative algorithm---in each iteration new cluster centers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Jingdong Wang , Jing Wang , Qifa Ke , Gang Zeng , Shipeng Li

The aim of the k-means is to minimize squared sum of Euclidean distance from the mean (SSEDM) of each cluster. The k-means can effectively optimize this function, but it is too sensitive for initial centers (seeds). This paper proposed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Hassan Ismkhan

Kernel $k$-means clustering is a powerful tool for unsupervised learning of non-linearly separable data. Since the earliest attempts, researchers have noted that such algorithms often become trapped by local minima arising from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-13 Debolina Paul , Saptarshi Chakraborty , Swagatam Das , Jason Xu

Clustering is an unsupervised learning method that constitutes a cornerstone of an intelligent data analysis process. It is used for the exploration of inter-relationships among a collection of patterns, by organizing them into homogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-04-13 G. Nathiya , S. C. Punitha , M. Punithavalli

One of the applications of center-based clustering algorithms such as K-Means is partitioning data points into K clusters. In some examples, the feature space relates to the underlying problem we are trying to solve, and sometimes we can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Ali Hassani , Amir Iranmanesh , Mahdi Eftekhari , Abbas Salemi

We establish the pointwise convergence of the iterative Lloyd algorithm, also known as $k$-means algorithm, when the quadratic quantization error of the starting grid (with size $N\ge 2$) is lower than the minimal quantization error with…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-01-03 Gilles Pagès , Jun Yu

Clustering is a separation of data into groups of similar objects. Every group called cluster consists of objects that are similar to one another and dissimilar to objects of other groups. In this paper, the K-Means algorithm is implemented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-04-03 P. Ashok , G. M Kadhar Nawaz , E. Elayaraja , V. Vadivel

We show that the objective function of conventional k-means clustering can be expressed as the Frobenius norm of the difference of a data matrix and a low rank approximation of that data matrix. In short, we show that k-means clustering is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-12-24 Christian Bauckhage