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We suggest a dependence coefficient between a categorical variable and some general variable taking values in a metric space. We derive important theoretical properties and study the large sample behaviour of our suggested estimator.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Siegfried Hörmann , Daniel Strenger-Galvis

Independence testing plays a central role in statistical and causal inference from observational data. Standard independence tests assume that the data samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) but that assumption is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-04 Ragib Ahsan , Zahra Fatemi , David Arbour , Elena Zheleva

We present an index of dependence that allows one to measure the joint or mutual dependence of a $d$-dimensional random vector with $d>2$. The index is based on a $d$-dimensional Kendall process. We further propose a standardized version of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Georgios Afendras , Marianthi Markatou , Albert Vexler

Handling highly dependent data is crucial in clinical trials, particularly in fields related to ophthalmology. Incorrectly specifying the dependency structure can lead to biased inferences. Traditionally, models rely on three fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Shuyi Liang , Takeshi Emura , Chang-Xing Ma , Yijing Xin , Xin-Wei Huang

In actuarial research, a task of particular interest and importance is to predict the loss cost for individual risks so that informative decisions are made in various insurance operations such as underwriting, ratemaking, and capital…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-15 Peng Shi , Zifeng Zhao

In this article, we consider the problem of testing the independence between two random variables. Our primary objective is to develop tests that are highly effective at detecting associations arising from explicit or implicit functional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Seetharaman P , Sagnik Das , Angshuman Roy

Testing independence among a number of (ultra) high-dimensional random samples is a fundamental and challenging problem. By arranging $n$ identically distributed $p$-dimensional random vectors into a $p \times n$ data matrix, we investigate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Xi Chen , Weidong Liu

An overview of existing nonparametric tests of extreme-value dependence is presented. Given an i.i.d.\ sample of random vectors from a continuous distribution, such tests aim at assessing whether the underlying unknown copula is of the {\em…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-27 Axel Bücher , Ivan Kojadinovic

In multivariate analysis, uncertainty arises from two sources: the marginal distributions of the variables and their dependence structure. Quantifying the dependence structure is crucial, as it provides valuable insights into the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-19 Swaroop Georgy Zachariah , Mohd. Arshad , Ashok Kumar Pathak

In this article, we show that the recently introduced ordinal pattern dependence fits into the axiomatic framework of general multivariate dependence measures, i.e., measures of dependence between two multivariate random objects.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Annika Betken , Herold Dehling , Nüßgen , Alexander Schnurr

The distribution function of the sum $Z$ of two standard normally distributed random variables $X$ and $Y$ is computed with the concept of copulas to model the dependency between $X$ and $Y$. By using implicit copulas such as the Gauss- or…

Computation · Statistics 2021-07-02 Walter Schneider

Study of recurrences in earthquakes, climate, financial time-series, etc. is crucial to better forecast disasters and limit their consequences. However, almost all the previous phenomenological studies involved only a long-ranged…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-09-11 Rémy Chicheportiche , Anirban Chakraborti

We develop a unified framework for testing independence and quantifying association between random objects that are located in general metric spaces. Special cases include functional and high-dimensional data as well as networks, covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Hang Zhou , Hans-Georg Müller

In this paper, we analyze the relative errors in various reliability measures due to the tacit assumption that the components associated with a $n$-component series system or a parallel system are independently working where the components…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-28 Subarna Bhattacharjee , Aninda Kumar Nanda , Subhashree Patra

This paper addresses the problem of quantification and propagation of uncertainties associated with dependence modeling when data for characterizing probability models are limited. Practically, the system inputs are often assumed to be…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-14 Jiaxin Zhang , Michael D. Shields

Learning the joint dependence of discrete variables is a fundamental problem in machine learning, with many applications including prediction, clustering and dimensionality reduction. More recently, the framework of copula modeling has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-11-15 Alfredo Kalaitzis , Ricardo Silva

By applying Sklar's theorem to the Multivariate Bernoulli Distribution (MBD), this paper proposes a framework to decouple marginal distributions from the dependence structure, clarifying interactions among binary variables. Explicit…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Arturo Erdely

In this paper, the defining properties of a valid measure of the dependence between two random variables are reviewed and complemented with two original ones, shown to be more fundamental than other usual postulates. While other popular…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-03 Gery Geenens , Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux

This paper proposes a variance-based measure of importance for coherent systems with dependent and heterogeneous components. The particular cases of independent components and homogeneous components are also considered. We model the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-30 Antonio Arriaza , Jorge Navarro , Miguel Angel Sordo , Alfonso Suárez-Llorens

Testing the independence between random vectors is a fundamental problem in statistics. Distance correlation, a recently popular dependence measure, is universally consistent for testing independence against all distributions with finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-22 Yuwei Ke , Hok Kan Ling , Yanglei Song