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A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is the only known QKD scheme that can completely overcome the problem of detection side-channel attacks. Yet, despite its practical importance, there is no standard approach…

A semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol allows a quantum user and a limited "classical" user to establish a shared secret key secure against an all-powerful adversary. In this work, we present a new SQKD protocol where the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Walter O. Krawec , Eric P. Geiss

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge communication method that enables secure communication between two parties. Continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) is a promising approach to QKD that has several advantages over traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 Andres Ruiz-Chamorro , Daniel Cano , Aida Garcia-Callejo , Veronica Fernandez

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) can overcome fundamental secret-key-rate bounds on point-to-point QKD links, allowing us to reach longer distances than ever before. Since its introduction, several TF-QKD variants have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Lewis Wooltorton , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum communication enable the secure exchange of information between remote parties. Currently, the distributed-phase-reference (DPR) protocols, which are based on weak coherent pulses, are among the…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential for widespread real-world applications. To date no secure long-distance experiment has demonstrated the truly practical operation needed to move QKD from the laboratory to the real world due…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that enables two remote parties to share a secure key string. Clock synchronization between two parties is a crucial step in the normal operation of QKD. Qubit-based synchronization can achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-24 Ye Chen , Chunfeng Huang , Shuyi Huang , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

We propose several methods for quantum key distribution (QKD) based upon the generation and transmission of random distributions of coherent or squeezed states, and we show that they are are secure against individual eavesdropping attacks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Frédéric Grosshans , Philippe Grangier

It has previously been shown that quantum state tomography can be used to increase the key rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) for the special case of qubits (i.e.,d=2). Here, we consider the case of higher dimensions, i.e., qudits, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Yongtao Zhan , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative quantum communications protocol which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate unconditionally secure cryptographic keying material between two geographically separated parties. The…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks hold promise for sharing secure randomness over multi-partities. Most existing QKD network schemes and demonstrations are based on trusted relays or limited to point-to-point scenario. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Shuai Zhao , Feihu Xu , Li Li , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen

The photon statistics of a quantum key distribution (QKD) source is crucial for security analysis. In this paper, we propose a practical method, with only a beam splitter and photodetector involved, to monitor the photon statistics of a QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xiang Peng , Hao Jiang , Bingjie Xu , Xiongfeng Ma , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can secure cryptographic communication between two distant users, as guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics rather than computational assumptions. The twin-field scheme, which employs counter-propagated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Venkat Abhignan , R. Srikanth

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique enabling provable secure communication but faces challenges in device characterization, posing potential security risks. Device-Independent (DI) QKD protocols overcome this issue by making…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Michele Masini , Shubhayan Sarkar

Based on the fundamental rules of quantum mechanics, two communicating parties can generate and share a secret random key that can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages sent over an insecure channel. This process is known as quantum key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Ivan Vybornyi , Abderrahmen Trichili , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

Quantum cryptography is now considered as a promising technology due to its promise of unconditional security. In recent years, rigorous work is being done for the experimental realization of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Satish Kumar , Priya Malpani , Britant , Sandeep Mishra , Anirban Pathak