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Knowledge graphs have become popular over the past decade and frequently rely on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) or Property Graph (PG) databases as data models. However, the query languages for these two data models -- SPARQL for…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Harsh Thakkar , Dharmen Punjani , Jens Lehmann , Sören Auer

Graph data management (also called NoSQL) has revealed beneficial characteristics in terms of flexibility and scalability by differently balancing between query expressivity and schema flexibility. This peculiar advantage has resulted into…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Harsh Thakkar , Dharmen Punjani , Soeren Auer , Maria-Esther Vidal

Gremlin is a graph traversal machine and language designed, developed, and distributed by the Apache TinkerPop project. Gremlin, as a graph traversal machine, is composed of three interacting components: a graph $G$, a traversal $\Psi$, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Marko A. Rodriguez

Increasing amounts of scientific and social data are published in the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Although the RDF data can be queried using the SPARQL language, even the SPARQL-based operation has a limitation in implementing…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Shota Matsumoto , Ryota Yamanaka , Hirokazu Chiba

How can we maximize the value of accumulated RDF data? Whereas the RDF data can be queried using the SPARQL language, even the SPARQL-based operation has a limitation in implementing traversal or analytical algorithms. Recently, a variety…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Hirokazu Chiba , Ryota Yamanaka , Shota Matsumoto

RDF has seen increased adoption in recent years, prompting the standardization of the SPARQL query language for RDF, and the development of local and distributed engines for processing SPARQL queries. This survey paper provides a…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Waqas Ali , Muhammad Saleem , Bin Yao , Aidan Hogan , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Both the notion of Property Graphs (PG) and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) are commonly used models for representing graph-shaped data. While there exist some system-specific solutions to convert data from one model to the other,…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-11-14 Olaf Hartig

We propose an efficient and scalable architecture for processing generalized graph-pattern queries as they are specified by the current W3C recommendation of the SPARQL 1.1 "Query Language" component. Specifically, the class of queries we…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Sairam Gurajada , Martin Theobald

In graph data applications, data is primarily maintained using two models: RDF (Resource Description Framework) and property graph. The property graph model is widely adopted by industry, leading to property graph databases generally…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Zihao Zhao , Xiaodong Ge , Zhihong Shen

We survey foundational features underlying modern graph query languages. We first discuss two popular graph data models: edge-labelled graphs, where nodes are connected by directed, labelled edges; and property graphs, where nodes and edges…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Renzo Angles , Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barcelo , Aidan Hogan , Juan Reutter , Domagoj Vrgoc

Work on knowledge graphs and graph-based data management often focus either on declarative graph query languages or on frameworks for graph analytics, where there has been little work in trying to combine both approaches. However, many…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Aidan Hogan , Juan Reutter , Adrian Soto

As of today, there exists no standard language for querying Linked Data on the Web, where navigation across distributed data sources is a key feature. A natural candidate seems to be SPARQL, which recently has been enhanced with…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Olaf Hartig , Giuseppe Pirro

Knowledge graphs represented as RDF datasets are integral to many machine learning applications. RDF is supported by a rich ecosystem of data management systems and tools, most notably RDF database systems that provide a SPARQL query…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Aisha Mohamed , Ghadeer Abuoda , Abdurrahman Ghanem , Zoi Kaoudi , Ashraf Aboulnaga

Performing time-traversal queries on RDF datasets remains unsupported in the most extensive knowledge graphs. Existing solutions either require offline ingestion, which prevents concurrent querying and updating, or operate live but with…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Arcangelo Massari , Silvio Peroni

Graph database users today face a choice between two technology stacks: the Resource Description Framework (RDF), on one side, is a data model with built-in semantics that was originally developed by the W3C to exchange interconnected data…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Ewout Gelling , George Fletcher , Michael Schmidt

Adopting Knowledge Graphs (KGs) as a structured, semantic-oriented, data representation model has significantly improved data integration, reasoning, and querying capabilities across different domains. This is especially true in modern…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Marco Arazzi , Davide Ligari , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera

SPARQL is the standard query language for RDF graphs. In its strict instantiation, it only offers querying according to the RDF semantics and would thus ignore the semantics of data expressed with respect to (RDF) schemas or (OWL)…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Faisal Alkhateeb , Jérôme Euzenat

Although SPARQL has been the predominant query language over RDF graphs, some query intentions cannot be well captured by only using SPARQL syntax. On the other hand, the keyword search enjoys widespread usage because of its intuitive way…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-12-02 Peng Peng , Lei Zou , Dongyan Zhao

Graph databases offer unparalleled flexibility for managing interconnected data, yet the lack of strict schema enforcement often leads to runtime uncertainties and complex query development. This paper introduces Graphify, an end-to-end…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Johannes Graf

Graph query languages feature mainly two kinds of queries when applied to a graph database: those inspired by relational databases which return tables such as SELECT queries and those which return graphs such as CONSTRUCT queries in SPARQL.…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Dominique Duval , Rachid Echahed , Frédéric Prost
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