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We introduce a methodology and framework for expressing general preference information in logic programming under the answer set semantics. An ordered logic program is an extended logic program in which rules are named by unique terms, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. P. Delgrande , T. Schaub , H. Tompits

With the expansion of business scales and scopes on online platforms, multi-scenario matching has become a mainstream solution to reduce maintenance costs and alleviate data sparsity. The key to effective multi-scenario recommendation lies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Haotong Du , Yaqing Wang , Fei Xiong , Lei Shao , Ming Liu , Hao Gu , Quanming Yao , Zhen Wang

In multi-objective decision planning and learning, much attention is paid to producing optimal solution sets that contain an optimal policy for every possible user preference profile. We argue that the step that follows, i.e, determining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Luisa M Zintgraf , Diederik M Roijers , Sjoerd Linders , Catholijn M Jonker , Ann Nowé

PARyOpt is a python based implementation of the Bayesian optimization routine designed for remote and asynchronous function evaluations. Bayesian optimization is especially attractive for computational optimization due to its low cost…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-14 Balaji Sesha Sarath Pokuri , Alec Lofquist , Chad M Risko , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian

We tackle the problem of constructive preference elicitation, that is the problem of learning user preferences over very large decision problems, involving a combinatorial space of possible outcomes. In this setting, the suggested…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-08 Paolo Dragone , Stefano Teso , Mohit Kumar , Andrea Passerini

Preference datasets are essential for training general-domain, instruction-following language models with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Each subsequent data release raises expectations for future data collection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhilin Wang , Jiaqi Zeng , Olivier Delalleau , Hoo-Chang Shin , Felipe Soares , Alexander Bukharin , Ellie Evans , Yi Dong , Oleksii Kuchaiev

There is a growing interest in developing automated agents that can work alongside humans. In addition to completing the assigned task, such an agent will undoubtedly be expected to behave in a manner that is preferred by the human. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Utkarsh Soni , Nupur Thakur , Sarath Sreedharan , Lin Guan , Mudit Verma , Matthew Marquez , Subbarao Kambhampati

Tuning control policies manually to meet high-level objectives is often time-consuming. Bayesian optimization provides a data-efficient framework for automating this process using numerical evaluations of an objective function. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Lukas Theiner , Maik Pfefferkorn , Yongpeng Zhao , Sebastian Hirt , Rolf Findeisen

In interactive systems, feedback is often provided in the form of preference between queried options rather than precise scores, which motivates optimization methods to learn from such comparisons. In this work, we propose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Siyi Wang , Zifan Wang , Karl Henrik Johanssson

Aligning AI systems to users' interests requires understanding and incorporating humans' complex values and preferences. Recently, language models (LMs) have been used to gather information about the preferences of human users. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal , Ellie Pavlick , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Alex Tamkin , Belinda Z. Li

Post-training of LLMs with RLHF, and subsequently preference optimization algorithms such as DPO, IPO, etc., made a big difference in improving human alignment. However, all such techniques can only work with a single (human) objective. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Multi-objective learning under user-specified preference is common in real-world problems such as multi-lingual speech recognition under fairness. In this work, we frame such a problem as a semivectorial bilevel optimization problem, whose…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Lisha Chen , Quan Xiao , Ellen Hidemi Fukuda , Xinyi Chen , Kun Yuan , Tianyi Chen

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become central to aligning large language models with human values, typically by first learning a reward model from preference data which is then used to update the model with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Keertana Chidambaram , Karthik Vinay Seetharaman , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Capturing the dynamics in user preference is crucial to better predict user future behaviors because user preferences often drift over time. Many existing recommendation algorithms -- including both shallow and deep ones -- often model such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Chao Chen , Dongsheng Li , Junchi Yan , Xiaokang Yang

Black-box optimization refers to the optimization problem whose objective function and/or constraint sets are either unknown, inaccessible, or non-existent. In many applications, especially with the involvement of humans, the only way to…

Forecasting multi-step user behavior trajectories requires reasoning over structured preferences across future actions, a challenge overlooked by traditional sequential recommendation. This problem is critical for applications such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hongtao Huang , Chengkai Huang , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Real-world engineering systems are typically compared and contrasted using multiple metrics. For practical machine learning systems, performance tuning is often more nuanced than minimizing a single expected loss objective, and it may be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-19 Ian Dewancker , Michael McCourt , Samuel Ainsworth

Offline preference optimization is a key method for enhancing and controlling the quality of Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. Typically, preference optimization is approached as an offline supervised learning task using manually-crafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chris Lu , Samuel Holt , Claudio Fanconi , Alex J. Chan , Jakob Foerster , Mihaela van der Schaar , Robert Tjarko Lange

Aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences has emerged as a critical research challenge. While recent advances in this area have extended preference optimization techniques from large language models (LLMs) to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Junyong Kang , Seohyun Lim , Kyungjune Baek , Hyunjung Shim