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The water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) for the large high altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO) will employ more than 3600 hemisphere 8 inch photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The good time performance of PMT, especially the transit time…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
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The Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is being built at Haizi Mountain, Sichuan province of China at an altitude of 4410 meters. One of its main goals is to survey the northern sky for very-high-energy gamma ray sources…
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Large-scale optical neutrino and dark-matter detectors rely on large-area photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for cost-effective light detection. The new R14688-100 8-inch PMT developed by Hamamatsu provides state-of-the-art timing resolution of…
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In this article we present the large photo-multiplier tube (PMT) afterpulse measurement results of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment. Totally 11 dynode-PMTs (R12860) from Hamamatsu company and 150 micro-channel…
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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20-kton liquid scintillator-based, low-radioactivity, multi-purpose neutrino detector located 693 meters (1800 m.w.e.) underground in the Guangdong province, China. To detect…
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To fulfill the requirements for testing the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of the electromagnetic detec- tor at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), a multi-functional PMT test bench with a two dimensional scanning system…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
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Xu Wang , Zhong-Quan Zhang , Ye Tian , Yan-Yan Du , Xiao Zhao , Fu-Wang Shen , Chang-Yu Li , Yansheng Sun , Cunfeng Feng
More than 10,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than…
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics
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Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used underwater in large-scale neutrino experiments. As a hollow glass spherelike structure, implosion is unavoidable during long-term operation under large water pressure. There is a possibility of…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2023-02-16
Miao He , Zhonghua Qin , Shaojing Hou , Xiaoping Jing , Hongbang Liu , Zunjian Ke , Diru Wu , Wan Xie , Mehang Xu , Fang Chen , Junguang Lu , Yuekun Heng , Jiawen Zhang , Xiaoyan Ma , Zhipeng Du
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are a central component of neutrino telescopes such as IceCube and KM3NeT, and an accurate understanding and measurement of their properties is indispensable for improvements of these experiments. In this…
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics
2023-07-31
Berit Schlüter , Willem Achtermann , Martin Antonio Unland Elorrieta
The Argonne micro-channel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) is an offshoot of the Large Area Pico-second Photo Detector (LAPPD) project, wherein \mbox{6 $\times$ 6 cm$^2$} sized detectors are made at Argonne National Laboratory.…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2018-03-14
Greig A. Cowan , Franz Muheim , Matthew Needham , Silvia Gambetta , Stephan Eisenhardt , Neil McBlane , Matthew Malek
The 20kt Liquid Scintillator (LS) JUNO detector is being constructed by the International Collaboration in China, with the primary goal of addressing the question of neutrino mass ordering (hierarchy). The main challenge for JUNO is to…
Currently the standard light sensors for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are the classical photo multiplier tubes that are using bialkali photo cathodes. About eight years ago we initiated an improvement program with the Photo…
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics
2019-08-14
Takeshi Toyama , Razmik Mirzoyan , Hugh Dickinson , Christian Fruck , Jürgen Hose , Hanna Kellermann , Max Knötig , Eckart Lorenz , Uta Menzel , Daisuke Nakajima , Reiko Orito , David Paneque , Thomas Schweizer , Masahiro Teshima , Tokonatsu Yamamoto
This paper presents a quantum efficiency measurement setup based on a 2D motorized stage, a wide spectrum xenon lamp, a beam splitter system, and two calibrated photo-diodes for measuring the quantum efficiency (QE) of photomultiplier tubes…
It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications to describe the angular and spectral responses of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the PMTs in their working media. In this…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2022-04-19
Yaoguang Wang , Guofu Cao , Liangjian Wen , Yifang Wang
We compared the performance of a SiPM array and a PMT in a laboratory setting using a single 5.08x5.08-cm cylindrical sodium iodide scintillating crystal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the most commonly used device to monitor…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-01-23
Tyana Stiegler , Kareem Kazkaz , Erik Swanberg , Vladimir Mozin
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) in southern China is designed to study neutrinos from nuclear reactors and natural sources to address fundamental questions in neutrino physics. Achieving its goals requires continuous…
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2025-05-12
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Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2023-01-18
Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Abid Aleem , Tsagkarakis Alexandros , Fengpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , Joao Pedro Athayde Marcondes de Andre , Didier Auguste , Weidong Bai , Nikita Balashov , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clement Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Barbara Caccianiga , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Riccardo Callegari , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cedric Cerna , Chi Chan , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Guoming Chen , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhiyuan Chen , Zikang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Yu Chin Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gerard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Marta Colomer Molla , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frederic Druillole , Ran Du , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Zhengyong Fei , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Amelie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Arsenii Gavrikov , Marco Giammarchi , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Gottel , Marco Grassi , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Yuduo Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Yuxiang Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Kaixuan Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cedric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Wei Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Xiaoping Jing , Cecile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Rebin Karaparambil , Narine Kazarian , Amina Khatun , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sebastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Daozheng Li , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Gaosong Li , Huiling Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Rui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Teng Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yichen Li , Yufeng Li , Zepeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Zonghai Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jiajun Liao , Ayut Limphirat , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Haotian Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Arslan Lukanov , Daibin Luo , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Xiaojie Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Bing Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Jingyu Mai , Yury Malyshkin , Roberto Carlos Mandujano , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin- Chassard , Agnese Martini , Matthias Mayer , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhofer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Axel Muller , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. 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