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Related papers: Traveling salesman problem across dense cities

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Several important optimization problems in the area of vehicle routing can be seen as a variant of the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). In the area of evolutionary computation, the traveling thief problem (TTP) has gained…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Jakob Bossek , Katrin Casel , Pascal Kerschke , Frank Neumann

For several combinatorial optimization problems over random structures, the theory of local weak convergence from probability and the cavity method from statistical physics can be used to deduce a recursive equation for the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-07 Mustafa Khandwawala

In this paper we consider the Recoverable Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Here the task is to find two tours simultaneously, such that the intersection between the tours is at least a given minimum size, while the sum of travel distances…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Marc Goerigk , Stefan Lendl , Lasse Wulf

The Covering Salesman Problem (CSP) is a generalization of the Traveling Salesman Problem in which the tour is not required to visit all vertices, as long as all vertices are covered by the tour. The objective of CSP is to find a minimum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Lucas Porto Maziero , Fábio Luiz Usberti , Celso Cavellucci

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a decision-making problem that is essential for a number of practical applications. Today, this problem is solved on digital computers exploiting Boolean-type architecture by checking one by one a number…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-02-13 Mykhaylo Balinskiy , Alexander Khitun

Let $P$ be a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and let $\alpha \ge 1$ be a real number. We define the distance between two points $p,q\in P$ as $|pq|^{\alpha}$, where $|pq|$ denotes the standard Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$. We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-02-03 Mark de Berg , Fred van Nijnatten , René Sitters , Gerhard J. Woeginger , Alexander Wolff

We have studied numerically the frequency distribution $\rho (n)$ of the n-th neighbour along the optimal tour in the Euclidean travelling salesman problem for N cities, in dimensions d=2 and d=3. We find there is no significant dependence…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Anirban Chakraborti

The traveling salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We characterize the optimal cycle for every convex and increasing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-05-23 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Marco Gherardi , Enrico M. Malatesta

This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

Given a graph whose arc traversal times vary over time, the Time-Dependent Travelling Salesman Problem consists in finding a Hamiltonian tour of least total duration covering the vertices of the graph. The main goal of this work is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Tommaso Adamo , Gianpaolo Ghiani , Pierpaolo Greco , Emanuela Guerriero

The Traveling Salesman Problem (often called TSP) is a classic algorithmic problem in the field of computer science and operations research. It is an NP-Hard problem focused on optimization. TSP has several applications even in its purest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amey Gohil , Manan Tayal , Tezan Sahu , Vyankatesh Sawalpurkar

In this paper we present a variational algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that combines (i) a compact encoding of permutations, which reduces the qubit requirement too, (ii) an optimize-freeze-reuse strategy: where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Fabrizio Fagiolo , Nicolò Vescera

A recently formulated statistical mechanics method is used to study the phase transition occurring in a generalisation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) known as the centred TSP. The method shows that the problem has clear signs of a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 David Lancaster

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most prominent combinatorial optimization problems. Given a complete graph G = (V, E) and non-negative distances d for every edge, the TSP asks for a shortest tour through all vertices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Ulrich Pferschy , Rostislav Stanek

One of the most studied extensions of the famous Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is the {\sc Multiple TSP}: a set of $m\geq 1$ salespersons collectively traverses a set of $n$ cities by $m$ non-trivial tours, to minimize the total…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Max Deppert , Matthias Kaul , Matthias Mnich

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

If one places N cities on a continuum in an unit area, extensive numerical results and their analysis (scaling, etc.) suggest that the best normalized optimal travel distance becomes 0.72 for the Euclidean metric and 0.92 for the Manhattan…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anirban Chakraborti , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

We present an application of the tensor network generator-enhanced optimization (TN-GEO) framework to address the traveling salesman problem (TSP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge. Our approach employs a tensor network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ryo Sakai , Chen-Yu Liu

Intriguing symmetries are uncovered regarding all magic squares of orders 3, 4, and 5, with 1, 880, and 275,305,224 distinct configurations, respectively. In analogy with the travelling salesman problem, the distributions of the total…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Peyman Fahimi , Walter Trump , Cherif F. Matta , Alireza Ahmadi Baneh

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a fundamental NP-hard optimization problem. Over the past decades, traditional heuristic methods have achieved substantial success in solving TSP, yet their performance, particularly for large-scale…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haoze Lv , Wenjie Chen , Zhiyuan Wang , Shengcai Liu