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Sharding has emerged as a critical solution to address the scalability challenges faced by blockchain networks, enabling them to achieve higher transaction throughput, reduced latency, and optimized resource usage. This paper investigates…
One of the defining features of a cryptocurrency is that its ledger, containing all transactions that have evertaken place, is globally visible. As one consequenceof this degree of transparency, a long line of recent re-search has…
This paper reviews and highlights how coding schemes have been used to solve various problems in blockchain systems. Specifically, these problems relate to scaling blockchains in terms of their data storage, computation and communication…
In Bitcoin, to independently verify whether new transactions are correct or not, a type of a node called "Full Node" has to hold the whole of historical transactions. The transactions are stored in ledger called "Blockchain. " Blockchain is…
The Bitcoin protocol is a significant milestone in the history of money. However, its adoption is currently constrained by the transaction limits of the system. As the chief problem of blockchain technology, the scaling issue has attracted…
Public blockchains should be able to scale with respect to the number of nodes and to the transactions workload. The blockchain scalability trilemma has been informally conjectured. This is related to scalability, security and…
Throughput limitations of existing blockchain architectures are one of the most significant hurdles for their wide-spread adoption. Attempts to address this challenge include layer-2 solutions, such as Bitcoin's Lightning or Ethereum's…
Although blockchain, the supporting technology of various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous decentralized trust management systems, its performance is still sub-optimal in real-world networks. With…
Decentralized resource markets are Web 3.0 applications that build open-access platforms for trading digital resources among users without any central management. They promise cost reduction, transparency, and flexible service provision.…
The state-of-the-art techniques for processing cross-blockchain transactions take a simple centralized approach: when the assets on blockchain $X$, say $X$-coins, are exchanged with the assets on blockchain $Y$---the $Y$-coins, those…
Bitcoin has created a new exchange paradigm within which financial transactions can be trusted without an intermediary. This premise of a free decentralized transactional network however requires, in its current implementation, unrestricted…
The interoperability across multiple or many blockchains would play a critical role in the forthcoming blockchain-based data management paradigm. In particular, how to ensure the ACID properties of those transactions across an arbitrary…
Cross-chain swaps enable exchange of different assets that reside on different blockchains. Several protocols have been proposed for atomic cross-chain swaps. However, those protocols are not fault-tolerant, in the sense that if any party…
Blockchain and blockchain-inspired decentralized applications are on the rise thanks to their unique characteristics such as their decentralized nature, anonymity, and tamper-proof nature; however, blockchain transactions tend to experience…
Current blockchain technologies provide very limited interoperability. Restrictions with regards to asset transfers and data exchange between different blockchains reduce usability and comfort for users, and hinder novel developments within…
Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system. Its mining process requires intense computational resources, therefore its usefulness remains a disputable topic. We aim to solve three problems with Bitcoin and…
A blockchain system is a replicated state machine that must be fault tolerant. When designing a blockchain system, there is usually a trade-off between decentralization, scalability, and security. In this paper, we propose a novel…
Traditional public distributed ledgers have not been able to scale-out well and work efficiently. Sharding is deemed as a promising way to solve this problem. By partitioning all nodes into small committees and letting them work in…
Sharding is used to improve the scalability and performance of blockchain systems. We investigate the stability of blockchain sharding, where transactions are continuously generated by an adversarial model. The system consists of $n$…
In order to fully unlock the transformative power of distributed ledgers and blockchains, it is crucial to develop innovative consensus algorithms that can overcome the obstacles of security, scalability, and interoperability, which…