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We construct exact confidence intervals for the average treatment effect in randomized experiments with binary outcomes using sequences of randomization tests. Our approach does not rely on large-sample approximations and is valid for all…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-25 Peng Zhang

This note proposes a procedure for enhancing the quality of probabilistic prediction algorithms via betting against their predictions. It is inspired by the success of the conformal test martingales that have been developed recently.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Vladimir Vovk

There are $n$ independent Bernoulli random variables with parameters $p_i$ that are observed sequentially. Two players, A and B, act in turns starting with player A. Each player has the possibility on his turn, when $I_k=1$, to choose…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-15 José María Grau Ribas

Within the context of the binomial model, we analyse sequences of values that are almost-uniform and we discuss a prediction method called the frequent outcome approach, in which the outcome that has occurred the most in the observed trials…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Ben O'Neill

We analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the probability of observing the expected number of successes at each stage of a sequence of nested Bernoulli trials. Our motivation is the attempt to give a genuinely frequentist interpretation to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Eckhard Schlemm

Given a universe of discourse X-a domain of possible outcomes-an experiment may consist of selecting one of its elements, subject to the operation of chance, or of observing the elements, subject to imprecision. A priori uncertainty about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Arthur Ramer

We present a positive solution to the so-called Bernoulli Conjecture concerning the characterization of sample boundedness of Bernoulli processes. We also discuss some applications and related open problems.

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-19 Witold Bednorz , Rafał Latała

In the report the approach to estimation of quality of planned experiments is considered. This approach is based on the analysis of uncertainty, which will take place under the future hypotheses testing about the existence of a new…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-10 S. I. Bityukov , N. V. Krasnikov

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

In this paper we improve some existing results concerning the approximation of the distribution of extremes of a 1-dependent and stationary sequence of random variables. We enlarge the range of applicability and improve the approximation…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Alexandru Amarioarei

Let Y be a random variable whose moment generating function exists in some neighborhood of the origin. The aim of this paper is to study the probabilistic Lah numbers associated with Y and the probabilistic Lah-Bell polynomials associated…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Yuankui Ma , Taekyun Kim , Dae San Kim

The last success problem is an optimal stopping problem that aims to maximize the probability of stopping on the last success in a sequence of independent $n$ Bernoulli trials. In the classical setting where complete information about the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Toru Yoshinaga , Yasushi Kawase

This article is geared towards theorists interested in estimating parameters of their theoretical models, and computing their own limits using available experimental data and elementary Mathematica code. The examples given can be useful…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-10-25 Georgios Choudalakis

We consider a random trial-based telegraph process, which describes a motion on the real line with two constant velocities along opposite directions. At each epoch of the underlying counting process the new velocity is determined by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-17 Irene Crimaldi , Antonio Di Crescenzo , Antonella Iuliano , Barbara Martinucci

In this lecture notes we try to familiarize the audience with the theory of Bernoulli polynomials; we study their properties, and we give, with proofs and references, some of the most relevant results related to them. Several applications…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-02-10 Omran Kouba

One-sided confidence intervals are presented for the average of non-identical Bernoulli parameters. These confidence intervals are expressed as analytical functions of the total number of Bernoulli games won, the number of rounds and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-27 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Pavel Sekatski

We present a method and software for ballot-polling risk-limiting audits (RLAs) based on Bernoulli sampling: ballots are included in the sample with probability $p$, independently. Bernoulli sampling has several advantages: (1) it does not…

We study how to perform tests on samples of pairs of observations and predictions in order to assess whether or not the predictions are prudent. Prudence requires that that the mean of the difference of the observation-prediction pairs can…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-03 Dirk Tasche

Bayesian, classical, and extended maximum likelihood approaches to estimation of upper limits in experiments with small numbers of signal events are surveyed. The discussion covers only experiments whose outcomes are well described by a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2011-07-19 Ilya Narsky

This paper proposes an alternative language for expressing results of the algorithmic theory of randomness. The language is more precise in that it does not involve unspecified additive or multiplicative constants, making mathematical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Vladimir Vovk