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Ambiguity and ambiguity aversion have been widely studied in decision theory and economics both at a theoretical and an experimental level. After Ellsberg's seminal studies challenging subjective expected utility theory (SEUT), several…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-03-20 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo

Difficulties over probability have often been considered fatal to the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics. Here I argue that the Everettian can have everything she needs from `probability' without recourse to indeterminism,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hilary Greaves

Modeling the purposeful behavior of imperfect agents from a small number of observations is a challenging task. When restricted to the single-agent decision-theoretic setting, inverse optimal control techniques assume that observed behavior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Kevin Waugh , Brian D. Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

Forecasting techniques for assessing the power of future experiments to discriminate between theories or discover new laws of nature are of great interest in many areas of science. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian forecasting method…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-09-24 Mohammad Hossein Namjoo

We present a general logical framework for reasoning about agents' cognitive attitudes of both epistemic type and motivational type. We show that it allows us to express a variety of relevant concepts for qualitative decision theory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Emiliano Lorini

In the theory of social choice the research is focused around the projection of individual preference orders to the social preference order. Also, the justification of the preference order formalism begins with the concept of utility i.e.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-27 Redjan F. Shabani

The review presents the basics of quantum decision theory, with the emphasis on temporary processes in decision making. The aim is to explain the principal points of the theory. The difference of an operationally testable rational choice…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-15 V. I. Yukalov

The general use of subjective probabilities to model belief has been justified using many axiomatic schemes. For example, ?consistent betting behavior' arguments are well-known. To those not already convinced of the unique fitness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Paul Snow

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

Aggregating risks from multiple sources can be complex and demanding, and decision makers usually adopt heuristics to simplify the evaluation process. This paper axiomatizes two closed related and yet different heuristics, narrow bracketing…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-08-30 Mu Zhang

There is available an ever-increasing variety of procedures for managing uncertainty. These methods are discussed in the literature of artificial intelligence, as well as in the literature of philosophy of science. Heretofore these methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Henry E. Kyburg , Choh Man Teng

This paper investigates a purely qualitative version of Savage's theory for decision making under uncertainty. Until now, most representation theorems for preference over acts rely on a numerical representation of utility and uncertainty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Helene Fargier , Patrice Perny

In this paper we analyze two recent axiomatic approaches proposed by Dubois et al and by Giang and Shenoy to qualitative decision making where uncertainty is described by possibility theory. Both axiomtizations are inspired by von Neumann…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Phan H. Giang , Prakash P. Shenoy

Many policies allocate harms or benefits that are uncertain in nature: they produce distributions over the population in which individuals have different probabilities of incurring harm or benefit. Comparing different policies thus involves…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Hoda Heidari , Solon Barocas , Jon Kleinberg , Karen Levy

Decision theorists propose a normative theory of rational choice. Traditionally, they assume that they should provide some constant and invariant principles as criteria for rational decisions, and indirectly, for agents. They seek a…

General Economics · Economics 2021-01-25 Saleh Afroogh

We derive a conditional version of the classical regret-capacity theorem. This result can be used in universal prediction to find lower bounds on the minimal batch regret, which is a recently introduced generalization of the average regret,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Marco Bondaschi , Michael Gastpar

Many prediction tasks can admit multiple models that can perform almost equally well. This phenomenon can can undermine interpretability and safety when competing models assign conflicting predictions to individuals. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Erin George , Deanna Needell , Berk Ustun

Several examples of Cyber-physical human systems (CPHS) include real-time decisions from humans as a necessary building block for the successful performance of the overall system. Many of these decision-making problems necessitate an…

General Economics · Economics 2022-10-17 Anuradha M. Annaswamy , Vineet Jagadeesan Nair

Expected utility theory (EUT) is widely used in economic theory. However, its subjective probability formulation, first elaborated by Savage, is linked to Ellsberg-like paradoxes and ambiguity aversion. This has led various scholars to work…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-02-12 Diederik Aerts , Emmanuel Haven , Sandro Sozzo

In random expected utility (Gul and Pesendorfer, 2006), the distribution of preferences is uniquely recoverable from random choice. This paper shows through two examples that such uniqueness fails in general if risk preferences are random…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-09-10 Yi-Hsuan Lin