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We propose a new sequential decision-making setting, combining key aspects of two established online learning problems with bandit feedback. The optimal action to play at any given moment is contingent on an underlying changing state which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Alexander Galozy , Slawomir Nowaczyk , Mattias Ohlsson

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) provide a scalable framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty, but classical formulations assume binary actions and a single global budget. Real-world settings, such as healthcare, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Himadri S. Pandey , Kai Wang , Gian-Gabriel P. Garcia

Bandit algorithms are guaranteed to solve diverse sequential decision-making problems, provided that a sufficient exploration budget is available. However, learning from scratch is often too costly for personalization tasks where a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Newton Mwai , Emil Carlsson , Fredrik D. Johansson

In this paper we consider the problem of learning the optimal policy for uncontrolled restless bandit problems. In an uncontrolled restless bandit problem, there is a finite set of arms, each of which when pulled yields a positive reward.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-01-30 Cem Tekin , Mingyan Liu

Whittle index policy is a powerful tool to obtain asymptotically optimal solutions for the notoriously intractable problem of restless bandits. However, finding the Whittle indices remains a difficult problem for many practical restless…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Khaled Nakhleh , Santosh Ganji , Ping-Chun Hsieh , I-Hong Hou , Srinivas Shakkottai

We propose Streaming Bandits, a Restless Multi Armed Bandit (RMAB) framework in which heterogeneous arms may arrive and leave the system after staying on for a finite lifetime. Streaming Bandits naturally capture the health intervention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Aditya Mate , Arpita Biswas , Christoph Siebenbrunner , Susobhan Ghosh , Milind Tambe

This paper is in the field of stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits (MABs), i.e., those sequential selection techniques able to learn online using only the feedback given by the chosen option (a.k.a. arm). We study a particular case of the rested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Alberto Maria Metelli , Francesco Trovò , Matteo Pirola , Marcello Restelli

In this paper we present a model for the hidden Markovian bandit problem with linear rewards. As opposed to current work on Markovian bandits, we do not assume that the state is known to the decision maker before making the decision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Michal Yemini , Amir Leshem , Anelia Somekh-Baruch

We study the sequential resource allocation problem where a decision maker repeatedly allocates budgets between resources. Motivating examples include allocating limited computing time or wireless spectrum bands to multiple users (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jinhang Zuo , Carlee Joe-Wong

Multi-armed bandit models have proven to be useful in modeling many real world problems in the areas of control and sequential decision making with partial information. However, in many scenarios, such as those prevalent in healthcare and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Qinyang He , Yonatan Mintz

We propose a reinforcement learning based scheduling framework for Restless Multi-Armed Bandit (RMAB) problems, centred on a Whittle Index Q-Learning policy with Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) exploration, referred to as WIQL-UCB. Unlike…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Sokipriala Jonah , Seong Ki Yoo , Saurav Sthapit

The Whittle index, which characterizes optimal policies for controlling certain single restless bandit projects (a Markov decision process with two actions: active and passive) is the basis for a widely used heuristic index policy for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-06 José Niño-Mora

The restless multi-armed bandit problem is a paradigmatic modeling framework for optimal dynamic priority allocation in stochastic models of wide-ranging applications that has been widely investigated and applied since its inception in a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-26 José Niño-Mora

In many public health settings, it is important for patients to adhere to health programs, such as taking medications and periodic health checks. Unfortunately, beneficiaries may gradually disengage from such programs, which is detrimental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Arpita Biswas , Gaurav Aggarwal , Pradeep Varakantham , Milind Tambe

We consider a class of restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problems with unknown arm dynamics. At each time, a player chooses an arm out of N arms to play, referred to as an active arm, and receives a random reward from a finite set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Tomer Gafni , Kobi Cohen

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) extend multi-armed bandits so pulling an arm impacts future states. Despite the success of RMABs, a key limiting assumption is the separability of rewards into a sum across arms. We address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naveen Raman , Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Fei Fang

We present a two-armed bandit model of decision making under uncertainty where the expected return to investing in the "risky arm" increases when choosing that arm and decreases when choosing the "safe" arm. These dynamics are natural in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Roland Fryer , Philipp Harms

This study introduces ContextWIN, a novel architecture that extends the Neural Whittle Index Network (NeurWIN) model to address Restless Multi-Armed Bandit (RMAB) problems with a context-aware approach. By integrating a mixture of experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhanqiu Guo , Wayne Wang

We study a resource allocation problem with varying requests, and with resources of limited capacity shared by multiple requests. It is modeled as a set of heterogeneous Restless Multi-Armed Bandit Problems (RMABPs) connected by constraints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-30 Jing Fu , Bill Moran , Peter G. Taylor

In this paper a spectrum sensing policy employing recency-based exploration is proposed for cognitive radio networks. We formulate the problem of finding a spectrum sensing policy for multi-band dynamic spectrum access as a stochastic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-09-18 Jan Oksanen , Visa Koivunen