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The adjacency-diametrical matrix (AD matrix) of a connected graph $G$ with diameter $d$, denoted by $AD(G)$, is the matrix indexed by the vertices of $G$ in which the $(i,j)$-entry of $AD(G)$ is $1$ if $d_G(v_i,v_j)=1$, is $d$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-06 S. P. Leka Amruthavarshini , R. Rajkumar

In this note, we construct bipartite 2-walk-regular graphs with exactly 6 distinct eigenvalues as incidence graphs of group-divisible designs with the dual property. For many of them, we show that they are 2-arc-transitive dihedrants. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-03 Zhi Qiao , Shao Fei Du , Jack H. Koolen

Let $G$ be a finite group. A number of graphs with the vertex set $G$ have been studied, including the power graph, enhanced power graph, and commuting graph. These graphs form a hierarchy under the inclusion of edge sets, and it is useful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 G. Arunkumar , Peter J. Cameron , Rajat Kanti Nath , Lavanya Selvaganesh

A Hadamard-Hitchcock decomposition of a multidimensional array is a decomposition that expresses the latter as a Hadamard product of several tensor rank decompositions. Such decompositions can encode probability distributions that arise…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Alessandro Oneto , Nick Vannieuwenhoven

We propose a dynamic graph representation method, showcasing its rich representational capacity and establishing some of its theoretical properties. Our representation falls under the bind-and-sum approach in hyperdimensional computing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Frank Qiu

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite, undirected, connected, simple graph. We say that a matching $\mathcal{M}$ is a \textit{permutable $m$-matching} if $\mathcal{M}$ contains $m$ edges and the subgroup of $\text{Aut}(\Gamma)$ that fixes the matching…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-17 Alex Schaefer , Eric Swartz

In 2019, Perondi and Carmelo determined the set multipartite Ramsey number of particular complete bipartite graphs by establishing a relationship between the set multipartite Ramsey number, Hadamard matrices, and strongly regular graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-20 I Wayan Palton Anuwiksa , Rinovia Simanjuntak , Edy Tri Baskoro

Given a graph $G$, a vertex switch of $v \in V(G)$ results in a new graph where neighbors of $v$ become nonneighbors and vice versa. This operation gives rise to an equivalence relation over the set of labeled digraphs on $n$ vertices. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-22 Nathan Lindzey

Hocquard, Kim, and Pierron constructed, for every even integer $D\ge 2$, a 2-degenerate graph $G_D$ with maximum degree $D$ such that $\omega(G_D^2)=\frac52D$. We prove for (a) all 2-degenerate graphs $G$ and (b) all graphs $G$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Daniel W. Cranston , Gexin Yu

We consider simple loopless finite undirected graphs. Such a graph is called strongly regular with parameter set (v,k,l,m), for short a srg(v,k,l,m), iff it has exactly v vertices, each of them has exactly k neighbours, and the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-10 Thomas Jenrich

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are \emph{cospectral} if the adjacency matrices share the same spectrum. Constructing cospectral non-isomorphic graphs has been studied extensively for many years and various constructions are known in the literature,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Lihuan Mao , Fu Yan

In a graph A, for each two arbitrary vertices g, h with d(g,h)=2,|MAg2h|=mAg2h is introduced the number of edges of A that are closer to g than to h. We say A is a 2-edge distance-balanced graph if we have mAg2h=mAh2g. In this article, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Zohreh Aliannejadi , Mehdi alaeiyan , Alireza Gilani , Jafar Asadpour

In this paper, we illustrate important aspects of the interplay between weighing matrices, $(v,k,\lambda)$-graphs with fixed-point free involutions, and signed graphs with an orthogonal adjacency matrix, which arises from thin divisible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Sergey Goryainov , Willem H. Haemers , Elena V. Konstantinova , Honghai Li

We study the balance of $G$-gain graphs, where $G$ is an arbitrary group, by investigating their adjacency matrices and their spectra. As a first step, we characterize switching equivalence and balance of gain graphs in terms of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Matteo Cavaleri , Daniele D'Angeli , Alfredo Donno

In this paper, all graphs whose adjacency matrix has at most two eigenvalues (multiplicities included) different from $2$ and $-1$ are determined. These graphs conclude a class of generalized friendship graphs $F_{t,r,k}, $ which is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Jing Li , Deqiong Li , Yaoping Hou

We classify all the $2$-arc-transitive strongly regular graphs, and use this classification to study the family of finite $(G,3)$-geodesic-transitive graphs of girth $4$ or $5$ for some group $G$ of automorphisms. For this application we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Wei Jin , Cheryl E. Praeger

Let $d$ be a fixed large integer. For any $n$ larger than $d$, let $A_n$ be the adjacency matrix of the random directed $d$-regular graph on $n$ vertices, with the uniform distribution. We show that $A_n$ has rank at least $n-1$ with…

We study a generalization of strongly regular graphs. We call a graph strongly walk-regular if there is an $\ell >1$ such that the number of walks of length $\ell$ from a vertex to another vertex depends only on whether the two vertices are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-31 Edwin R. van Dam , Gholamreza Omidi

A switching method is a graph operation that results in cospectral graphs (graphs with the same spectrum). Work by Wang and Xu [Discrete Math. 310 (2010)] suggests that most cospectral graphs with cospectral complements can be constructed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Aida Abiad , Nils van de Berg , Robin Simoens

A graph $X$ is 2-spanning cyclable if for any pair of distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ there is a 2-factor of $X$ consisting of two cycles such that $u$ and $v$ belong to distinct cycles. In this paper we examine the 2-spanning cyclability of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Brian Alspach , Aditya Joshi