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Related papers: Instrumental variables estimation with competing r…

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We develop methods to analyze clustered competing risks data when the event types are only available in a training dataset and are missing in the main study. We propose to estimate the exposure effects through the cause-specific…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Yujie Wu , Molin Wang

Assessing the causal effect of time-varying exposures on recurrent event processes is challenging in the presence of a terminating event. Our objective is to estimate both the short-term and delayed marginal causal effects of exposures on…

Measurement error can often be harmful when estimating causal effects. Two scenarios in which this is the case are in the estimation of (a) the average treatment effect when confounders are measured with error and (b) the natural indirect…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-04 Caleb H. Miles , Linda Valeri , Brent Coull

Causal inference methods based on conditional independence construct Markov equivalent graphs, and cannot be applied to bivariate cases. The approaches based on independence of cause and mechanism state, on the contrary, that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Nataliya Sokolovska , Pierre-Henri Wuillemin

We study settings in which a researcher has an instrumental variable (IV) and seeks to evaluate the effects of a counterfactual policy that alters treatment assignment, such as a directive encouraging randomly assigned judges to release…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-16 Michal Kolesár , José Luis Montiel Olea , Jonathan Roth

Suppose one is interested in estimating causal effects in the presence of potentially unmeasured confounding with the aid of a valid instrumental variable. This paper investigates the problem of making inferences about the average treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-15 BaoLuo Sun , Wang Miao

Semi-competing risks data arise when both non-terminal and terminal events are considered in a model. Such data with multiple events of interest are frequently encountered in medical research and clinical trials. In this framework, terminal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-21 Fatemeh Mahmoudi , Xuewen Lu

We address causal estimation in semi-competing risks settings, where a non-terminal event may be precluded by one or more terminal events. We define a principal-stratification causal estimand for treatment effects on the non-terminal event,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Karina Gelis-Cadena , Michael Daniels , Juned Siddique

Mediation analysis is critical to understanding the mechanisms underlying exposure-outcome relationships. In this paper, we identify the instrumental variable (IV)-direct effect of the exposure on the outcome not through the mediator, using…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-16 Kara E Rudolph , Oleg Sofrygin , Mark J van der Laan

Evaluating the causal health effects of multivariate, continuous exposures, such as air pollution mixtures, is a critical public health challenge. A primary obstacle is the frequent violation of the positivity assumption, which renders the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Zhuochao Huang , Kejin Dong , Tuo Lin , Joseph Antonelli

The analysis of randomized controlled trials is often complicated by intercurrent events (IEs) -- events that occur after treatment initiation and affect either the interpretation or existence of outcome measurements. Examples include…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Sizhu Lu , Yanyao Yi , Yongming Qu , Huayu Karen Liu , Ting Ye , Peng Ding

We study the problem of estimating causal effects under hidden confounding in the following unpaired data setting: we observe some covariates $X$ and an outcome $Y$ under different experimental conditions (environments) but do not observe…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-22 Felix Schur , Niklas Pfister , Peng Ding , Sach Mukherjee , Jonas Peters

We offer straightforward theoretical results that justify incorporating machine learning in the standard linear instrumental variable setting. The key idea is to use machine learning, combined with sample-splitting, to predict the treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-06-22 Jiafeng Chen , Daniel L. Chen , Greg Lewis

Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to study the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. IVs require an instrument, a variable that is (A1) associated with the exposure, (A2) has no…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Hyunseung Kang , Zijian Guo , Zhonghua Liu , Dylan Small

In Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) with treatment non-compliance, instrumental variable approaches are used to estimate complier average causal effects. We extend these approaches to cost-effectiveness analyses, where methods need to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-02 Karla DiazOrdaz , Angelo Franchini , Richard Grieve

In the statistical literature, a number of methods have been proposed to ensure valid inference about marginal effects of variables on a longitudinal outcome in settings with irregular monitoring times. However, the potential biases due to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Janie Coulombe , Erica E M Moodie , Robert W Platt

A popular way to estimate the causal effect of a variable x on y from observational data is to use an instrumental variable (IV): a third variable z that affects y only through x. The more strongly z is associated with x, the more reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Zhaobin Kuang , Frederic Sala , Nimit Sohoni , Sen Wu , Aldo Córdova-Palomera , Jared Dunnmon , James Priest , Christopher Ré

This paper considers identification and estimation of the causal effect of the time Z until a subject is treated on a survival outcome T. The treatment is not randomly assigned, T is randomly right censored by a random variable C and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Jad Beyhum , Samuele Centorrino , Jean-Pierre Florens , Ingrid Van Keilegom

Exposure mappings are widely used to model potential outcomes in the presence of interference, where each unit's outcome may depend not only on its own treatment, but also on the treatment of other units as well. However, in practice these…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 David Choi

Breast cancer patients may experience relapse or death after surgery during the follow-up period, leading to dependent censoring of relapse. This phenomenon, known as semi-competing risk, imposes challenges in analyzing treatment effects on…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-03 Tonghui Yu , Mengjiao Peng , Yifan Cui , Elynn Chen , Chixiang Chen