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We describe an approximate rational arithmetic with round-off errors (both absolute and relative) controlled by the user. The rounding procedure is based on the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Results of computer experiments…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Grigori Litvinov , Anatoli Rodionov , Andrei Chourkin

This paper presents a formalized analysis of the sigmoid function and a fully mechanized proof of the Universal Approximation Theorem (UAT) in Isabelle/HOL, a higher-order logic theorem prover. The sigmoid function plays a fundamental role…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Dustin Bryant , Jim Woodcock , Simon Foster

A collection of algorithms is described for numerically computing with smooth functions defined on the unit sphere. Functions are approximated to essentially machine precision by using a structure-preserving iterative variant of Gaussian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-04-05 Alex Townsend , Heather Wilber , Grady B. Wright

The error function of real argument can be uniformly approximated to a given accuracy by a single closed-form expression for the whole variable range either in terms of addition, multiplication, division, and square root operations only, or…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Dimitri N. Laikov

Smale's alpha-theory uses estimates related to the convergence of Newton's method to give criteria implying that Newton iterations will converge quadratically to solutions to a square polynomial system. The program alphaCertified implements…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-09-22 Jonathan D. Hauenstein , Frank Sottile

An inexact Newton type method for numerical minimization of convex piecewise quadratic functions is considered and its convergence is analyzed. Earlier, a similar method was successfully applied to optimizaton problems arising in numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-11 Alexander I. Golikov , Igor E. Kaporin

The Newton iteration is a popular method for minimising a cost function on Euclidean space. Various generalisations to cost functions defined on manifolds appear in the literature. In each case, the convergence rate of the generalised…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-06 Jonathan H. Manton

We explore an algorithm for approximating roots of integers, discuss its motivation and derivation, and analyze its convergence rates with varying parameters and inputs. We also perform comparisons with established methods for approximating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-11 William Gerst

We propose a two-step Newton's method for refining an approximation of a singular zero whose deflation process terminates after one step, also known as a deflation-one singularity. Given an isolated singular zero of a square analytic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Kisun Lee , Nan Li , Lihong Zhi

Taylor's theorem (and its variants) is widely used in several areas of mathematical analysis, including numerical analysis, functional analysis, and partial differential equations. This article explains how Taylor's theorem in its most…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Christopher Thron

The aim of this study is to examine some numerical tests of Pade approximation for some typical functions with singularities such as simple pole, essential singularity, brunch cut and natural boundary. As pointed out by Baker, it was shown…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-04-01 Hiroaki S. Yamada , Kensuke S. Ikeda

In this paper, we propose a new method that combines the inexact Newton method with a procedure to obtain a feasible inexact projection for solving constrained smooth and nonsmooth equations. The local convergence theorems are established…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Fabiana R. de Oliveira , Orizon P. Ferreira

This work presents and extends a known spigot-algorithm for computing square-roots, digit-by-digit, that is suitable for calculation by hand or an abacus, using only addition and subtraction. We offer an elementary proof of correctness for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Mayer Goldberg

We extend the standard notion of self-concordance to non-convex optimization and develop a family of second-order algorithms with global convergence guarantees. In particular, two function classes -- \textit{weakly self-concordant}…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Donald Goldfarb , Lexiao Lai , Tianyi Lin , Jiayu Zhang

In a recent joint work, the author has developed a modification of Newton's method, named New Q-Newton's method, which can avoid saddle points and has quadratic rate of convergence. While good theoretical convergence guarantee has not been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Tuyen Trung Truong

In this paper, we derive the quadratic formula as a consequence of constructively proving the existence of standard and factored forms for general form real quadratic functions. Emphasis is put on connections to graphing of corresponding…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Shawn S. Wirts

We develop algorithms for certifying an approximation to a nonsingular solution of a square system of equations built from univariate analytic functions. These algorithms are based on the existence of oracles for evaluating basic data about…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Michael Burr , Kisun Lee , Anton Leykin

Conjecturing and theorem proving are activities at the center of mathematical practice and are difficult to separate. In this paper, we propose a framework for completing incomplete conjectures and incomplete proofs. The framework can turn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Salwa Tabet Gonzalez , Predrag Janičić , Julien Narboux

We present a modification of Newton's method to restore quadratic convergence for isolated singular solutions of polynomial systems. Our method is symbolic-numeric: we produce a new polynomial system which has the original multiple solution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Anton Leykin , Jan Verschelde , Ailing Zhao

Many problems in computer algebra and numerical analysis can be reduced to counting or approximating the real roots of a polynomial within an interval. Existing verified root-counting procedures in major proof assistants are mainly based on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Wenda Li , Lawrence C. Paulson