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Colouring the vertices of a graph $G$ according to certain conditions can be considered as a random experiment and a discrete random variable $X$ can be defined as the number of vertices having a particular colour in the proper colouring of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-06-09 N. K. Sudev , S. Satheesh , K. P. Chithra , Johan Kok

A vertex colouring of a given graph $G$ can be considered as a random experiment. A discrete random variable $X$, corresponding to this random experiment, can be defined as the colour of a randomly chosen vertex of $G$ and a probability…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-07-04 N. K. Sudev , K. P. Chithra , Johan Kok

Colouring the vertices of a graph $G$ according to certain conditions can be considered as a random experiment and a discrete random variable $X$ can be defined as the number of vertices having a particular colour in the proper colouring of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-08-17 K. P. Chithra , N. K. Sudev , S. Satheesh , K. A. Germina , Johan Kok

An equitable coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a (proper) vertex-coloring of $G$, such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this paper, we consider the equitable coloring problem in block graphs. Recall that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

A proper coloring of vertices of a graph is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most 1. Such colorings have many applications and are interesting by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the state of art and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-22 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

This paper introduces a new variant of domination-related coloring of graphs, which is a combination of their dominator coloring and equitable coloring called the equitable dominator coloring. An equitable coloring is a proper coloring in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Phebe Sarah George , S. Madhumitha , Sudev Naduvath

An equitable coloring is a proper coloring of a graph such that the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable if there exists an equitable coloring of $G$ which uses $k$ colors, each one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-21 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Michael J. Pelsmajer

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

A proper $k$-coloring of vertices of an $n$-vertex graph is equitable if the size of every color class is $\lfloor n/k\rfloor$ or $\lceil n/k\rceil$. An extension of it to list coloring requires only that the size of every color class is at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most 1. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-02 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of all color classes differ by at most $1$. For a list assignment $L$ of $k$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

If the vertices of a graph $G$ are colored with $k$ colors such that no adjacent vertices receive the same color and the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one, then $G$ is said to be equitably $k$-colorable. Let $|G|$ denote…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-27 Bor-Liang Chen , Kuo-Ching Huang , Ko-Wei Lih

A proper vertex coloring of the graph $G$ such that each vertex dominates at least one color class and the cardinalities of the color classes differ by at most $1$ is called an equitable dominator coloring of $G$. The minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Phebe Sarah George , Sudev Naduvath

In many practical applications the underlying graph must be as equitable colored as possible. A coloring is called equitable if the number of vertices colored with each color differs by at most one, and the least number of colors for which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Emanuel Florentin Olariu , Cristian Frasinaru

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for any given $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\lceil\frac{|V(G)|}{k}\rceil$ vertices. A graph is equitably $k$-colorable if the vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Aijun Dong , Jianliang Wu

A proper edge $t$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of edges of $G$ with colors $1,2,...,t$ such that each of $t$ colors is used, and adjacent edges are colored differently. The set of colors of edges incident with a vertex $x$ of $G$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-02 R. R. Kamalian

For a simple graph G = (V, E), a coloring of vertices of G using two colors, say red and blue, is called a quasi neighborhood balanced coloring if, for every vertex of the graph, the number of red neighbors and the number of blue neighbors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Maurice Genevieva Almeida

A proper vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic threshold $\chi_{eq}^*(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that $G$ is equitably $n$-colorable for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Rong Luo , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , D. Christopher Stephens , Gexin Yu

A proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\dots,t$ is called a cyclic interval $t$-coloring if for each vertex $v$ of $G$ the edges incident to $v$ are colored by consecutive colors, under the condition that color $1$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Petros A. Petrosyan

Let $\mathcal{C} = \{c_1,c_2, c_3, \ldots,c_k\}$ be a certain type of proper $k$-colouring of a given graph $G$ and $\theta(c_i)$ denote the number of times a particular colour $c_i$ is assigned to the vertices of $G$. Then, the colouring…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-06-02 N. K. Sudev , K. P. Chithra , Johan Kok
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