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We introduce a structured chain-of-thought (SCoT) prompting approach to generating content-grounded multi-turn question-answer conversations using a pre-trained large language model (LLM). At the core of our proposal is a structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Md Arafat Sultan , Jatin Ganhotra , Ramón Fernandez Astudillo

We investigate the less-explored task of generating open-ended questions that are typically answered by multiple sentences. We first define a new question type ontology which differentiates the nuanced nature of questions better than widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Shuyang Cao , Lu Wang

Question answering (QA) is a critical task for speech-based retrieval from knowledge sources, by sifting only the answers without requiring to read supporting documents. Specifically, open-domain QA aims to answer user questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sang-eun Han , Yeonseok Jeong , Seung-won Hwang , Kyungjae Lee

Automatic question answering is an important yet challenging task in E-commerce given the millions of questions posted by users about the product that they are interested in purchasing. Hence, there is a great demand for automatic answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Anand A. Rajasekar , Nikesh Garera

We present QuOTE (Question-Oriented Text Embeddings), a novel enhancement to retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, aimed at improving document representation for accurate and nuanced retrieval. Unlike traditional RAG pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Andrew Neeser , Kaylen Latimer , Aadyant Khatri , Chris Latimer , Naren Ramakrishnan

Question answering (QA) is an important aspect of open-domain conversational agents, garnering specific research focus in the conversational QA (ConvQA) subtask. One notable limitation of recent ConvQA efforts is the response being answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Ashutosh Baheti , Alan Ritter , Kevin Small

Addressing non-factoid question answering (NFQA) remains challenging due to its open-ended nature, diverse user intents, and need for multi-aspect reasoning. These characteristics often reveal the limitations of conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 DongGeon Lee , Ahjeong Park , Hyeri Lee , Hyeonseo Nam , Yunho Maeng

Automatic discourse processing is bottlenecked by data: current discourse formalisms pose highly demanding annotation tasks involving large taxonomies of discourse relations, making them inaccessible to lay annotators. This work instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Wei-Jen Ko , Yating Wu , Cutter Dalton , Dananjay Srinivas , Greg Durrett , Junyi Jessy Li

Generating some appealing questions in open-domain conversations is an effective way to improve human-machine interactions and lead the topic to a broader or deeper direction. To avoid dull or deviated questions, some researchers tried to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Lei Shen , Fandong Meng , Jinchao Zhang , Yang Feng , Jie Zhou

Automatically generating debates is a challenging task that requires an understanding of arguments and how to negate or support them. In this work we define debate trees and paths for generating debates while enforcing a high level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Eric Bolton , Alex Calderwood , Niles Christensen , Jerome Kafrouni , Iddo Drori

Open-Domain Generative Question Answering has achieved impressive performance in English by combining document-level retrieval with answer generation. These approaches, which we refer to as GenQA, can generate complete sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Benjamin Muller , Luca Soldaini , Rik Koncel-Kedziorski , Eric Lind , Alessandro Moschitti

The answer-agnostic question generation is a significant and challenging task, which aims to automatically generate questions for a given sentence but without an answer. In this paper, we propose two new strategies to deal with this task:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Xiuyu Wu , Nan Jiang , Yunfang Wu

Generating high quality question-answer pairs is a hard but meaningful task. Although previous works have achieved great results on answer-aware question generation, it is difficult to apply them into practical application in the education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Fanyi Qu , Xin Jia , Yunfang Wu

Training conversational question-answering (QA) systems requires a substantial amount of in-domain data, which is often scarce in practice. A common solution to this challenge is to generate synthetic data. Traditional methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kun Qian , Maximillian Chen , Siyan Li , Arpit Sharma , Zhou Yu

Text simplification is one of the domains in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that offers an opportunity to understand the text in a simplified manner for exploration. However, it is always hard to understand and retrieve knowledge from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Muhammad Salman , Armin Haller , Sergio J. Rodríguez Méndez

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

We present a generative model to map natural language questions into SQL queries. Existing neural network based approaches typically generate a SQL query word-by-word, however, a large portion of the generated results are incorrect or not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Yibo Sun , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Jianshu Ji , Guihong Cao , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting Liu , Ming Zhou

Neural knowledge-grounded generative models for dialogue often produce content that is factually inconsistent with the knowledge they rely on, making them unreliable and limiting their applicability. Inspired by recent work on evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Or Honovich , Leshem Choshen , Roee Aharoni , Ella Neeman , Idan Szpektor , Omri Abend

In the era of Big Knowledge Graphs, Question Answering (QA) systems have reached a milestone in their performance and feasibility. However, their applicability, particularly in specific domains such as the biomedical domain, has not gained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Saeedeh Shekarpour , Abhishek Nadgeri , Kuldeep Singh

Recent work on question generation has largely focused on factoid questions such as who, what, where, when about basic facts. Generating open-ended why, how, what, etc. questions that require long-form answers have proven more difficult. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Justin Lewis , Smaranda Muresan