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In this chapter we review stochastic modelling methods in climate science. First we provide a conceptual framework for stochastic modelling of deterministic dynamical systems based on the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. The Mori-Zwanzig equations…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-12-23 Georg A. Gottwald , Daan T. Crommelin , Christian L. E. Franzke

Recent advances in learning dynamical systems from data have shown significant promise. However, many existing methods assume access to the full state of the system -- an assumption that is rarely satisfied in practice, where systems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Thibault Monsel , Onofrio Semeraro , Lionel Mathelin , Guillaume Charpiat

The Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism is one of the central tools of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, allowing to derive macroscopic equations of motion from the microscopic dynamics through a systematic coarse-graining…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-18 Michael te Vrugt , Raphael Wittkowski

In this paper, we propose the MultiLevel Variational MultiScale (ML-VMS) method, a novel approach that seamlessly integrates a multilevel mesh strategy into the Variational Multiscale (VMS) framework. A key feature of the ML-VMS method is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Lei Zhang , Jiachen Guo , Shaoqiang Tang , Thomas J. R. Hughes , Wing Kam Liu

Significant efforts have been devoted in the last decade towards improving the predictivity of coarse-grained models in molecular dynamics simulations and providing a rigorous justification of their use, through a combination of theoretical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Nicodemo Di Pasquale , Thomas Hudson , Matteo Icardi

In this paper, we develop a novel unfitted multiscale framework that combines two separate scales represented by only one single computational mesh. Our framework relies on a mixed zooming technique where we zoom at regions of interest to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Ehsan Mikaeili , Susanne Claus , Pierre Kerfriden

We derive a variational multiscale (VMS) finite element formulation for a viscoelastic, tensor-based blood damage model. The tensor equation is numerically stabilized by a logarithmic shape tensor description that prevents unphysical,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Stefan Haßler , Lutz Pauli , Marek Behr

A robust finite volume method for viscoelastic flow analysis on general unstructured meshes is developed. It is built upon a general-purpose stabilization framework for high Weissenberg number flows. The numerical framework provides full…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-08 Matthias Niethammer , Holger Marschall , Christian Kunkelmann , Dieter Bothe

In this study, we employ the variational multiscale (VMS) concept to develop a posteriori error estimates for the stationary convection-diffusion-reaction equation. The variational multiscale method is based on splitting the continuous part…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Ramon Codina , Hauke Gravenkamp , Sheraz Ahmed Khan

In many time-dependent problems of practical interest the parameters entering the equations describing the evolution of the various quantities exhibit uncertainty. One way to address the problem of how this uncertainty impacts the solution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-11-20 Panagiotis Stinis

The problem of multiphase materials (fluid or solid) interacting with the rigid body structure is studied by proposing a novel VMS-FEM (variational multi-scale finite element method) in the Eulerian framework using the fixed mesh. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Tianyu Li

The possibility to simulate the properties of many-body open quantum systems with a large number of degrees of freedom is the premise to the solution of several outstanding problems in quantum science and quantum information. The challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Alexandra Nagy , Vincenzo Savona

We present a new method to approximate the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) memory integral in generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) describing the evolution of smooth observables in high-dimensional nonlinear systems with local interactions. Building…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Yuanran Zhu , Daniele Venturi

This paper introduces a Variational Multiscale Stabilization (VMS) formulation of the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations that utilizes the Finite Element Exterior Calculus (FEEC) framework. The FEEC framework preserves the geometric…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Kevin Dijkstra , Deepesh Toshniwal

We present a formalism that explicitly unifies the commonly used Nakajima-Zwanzig approach for reduced density matrix dynamics with the more versatile Mori theory in the context of nonequilibrium dynamics. Employing a Dyson-type expansion…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Andrés Montoya-Castillo , David. R. Reichman

A semi-implicit, residual-based variational multiscale (VMS) formulation is developed for the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations. The approach linearizes convection using an extrapolated (Oseen-type) convecting velocity, producing a…

Built upon the hypoelliptic analysis of the effective Mori-Zwanzig (EMZ) equation for observables of stochastic dynamical systems, we show that the obtained semigroup estimates for the EMZ equation can be used to drive prior estimates of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-06-21 Yuanran Zhu , Huan Lei

The Mori-Zwanzig formalism is a powerful theoretical framework for deriving equations of motion for coarse-grained observables in the form of generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) involving evolution and projection operators. Using a…

Lattice-Boltzmann methods are known for their simplicity, efficiency and ease of parallelization, usually relying on uniform Cartesian meshes with a strong bond between spatial and temporal discretization. This fact complicates the crucial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Thomas Bellotti , Loïc Gouarin , Benjamin Graille , Marc Massot

This work presents a non-linear extension of the high-order discretisation framework based on the Variational Multiscale (VMS) method previously introduced for steady linear problems. We build on the concept of an optimal projector defined…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Suyash Shrestha , Marc Gerritsma , Gonzalo Rubio , Steven Hulshoff , Esteban Ferrer