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The ALICE experiment at CERN has undergone a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC during 2019-2021. A key element is the installation of the new Inner Tracking System 2 (ITS2). The new ITS2 based on CMOS Monolithic Active…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-20 Felix Reidt

A large Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main device for tracking and charged-particle identification in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. After the second long shutdown in 2019-2020, the LHC will deliver Pb beams colliding at an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-09-04 P. Gasik

ALICE 3 is the proposed next-generation heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), envisioned for operation during Run 5. The tracking system of ALICE 3 will consist of a high-precision vertex detector integrated into a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-21 Sanghoon Lim

After 2001 the upgraded ep collider HERA will provide an about five times higher luminosity for the two experiments H1 and ZEUS. In order to cope with the expected higher event rates the H1 collaboration is building a track based trigger…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-11-17 A. Baird , E. Elsen , Y. H. Fleming , M. Kolander , S. Kolya , D. Meer , D. Mercer , J. Naumann , P. R. Newman , D. Sankey , A. Schoening , H. -C. Schultz-Coulon , Ch. Wissing

The ALICE experiment at CERN is preparing for a major upgrade for the third phase of data taking run (Run 3), when the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) starts. The increase in the beam luminosity will result in high…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-02-20 Jubin Mitra , Erno David , Eduardo Mendez , Shuaib Ahmad Khan , Tivadar Kiss , Sophie Baron , Alex Kluge , Tapan Nayak

The CMS experiment has been designed with a two-level trigger system: the Level-1 Trigger, implemented on custom-designed electronics, and the High Level Trigger, a streamlined version of the CMS offline reconstruction software running on a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-11-19 Thiago R. F. P. Tomei

One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is determining the trajectory of charged particles during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on…

The ALICE Collaboration has just finished a major detector upgrade that increases the data-taking rate capability by two orders of magnitude and will allow to collect unprecedented data samples. For example, the analysis input for 1 month…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-11-23 Raluca Cruceru

The ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) experiment focuses on the study of the quark-gluon plasma as a product of heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). During the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC in 2019-2020, a major…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-19 Konstantinos Alexopoulos , Filippo Costa

With the current increase in the data produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, it becomes important to process this data in a corresponding manner. To begin with, to efficiently select events that contain relevant information…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Natalia Cherezova , Dmitri Mihhailov , Sergei Devadze , Artur Jutman

An efficient and precise reconstruction of charged-particle tracks is crucial for the overall performance of the CMS experiment. During Run 2 of LHC, significant upgrades were made to the track reconstruction algorithms in order to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-15 Walaa Elmetenawee

The next decade will see an order of magnitude increase in data collected by high-energy physics experiments, driven by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories (tracks) has always been a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-25 Anthony Correia , Fotis I. Giasemis , Nabil Garroum , Vladimir Vava Gligorov , Bertrand Granado

At the Large Hadron Collider, the vast amount of data from experiments demands not only sophisticated algorithms but also substantial computational power for efficient processing. This paper introduces hardware acceleration as an essential…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-01-15 Pelayo Leguina López , Santiago Folgueras

For LHC Run 3, the ALICE Time Projection Chamber was upgraded to operate in continuous readout mode. Interaction rates of up to 50 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions require real-time processing of more than 3 TB/s of raw detector data. This…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-18 J. Alme , T. Alt , C. Andrei , V. Anguelov , H. Appelshäuser , M. Arslandok , R. Averbeck , M. Ball , G. G. Barnaföldi , P. Becht , R. Bellwied , A. Berdnikova , B. Blidaru , L. Boldizsár , L. Bratrud , P. Braun-Munzinger , M. Bregant , C. L. Britton , H. Büsching , H. Caines , P. Chatzidaki , P. Christiansen , T. M. Cormier , L. Döpper , R. Ehlers , L. Fabbietti , F. Flor , J. J. Gaardhøje , M. G. Munhoz , C. Garabatos , P. Gasik , Á. Gera , P. Glässel , N. Grünwald , T. Gündem , T. Gunji , H. Hamagaki , J. W. Harris , P. Hauer , E. Hellbär , H. Helstrup , A. Herghelegiu , H. D. Hernandez Herrera , Y. Hou , C. Hughes , M. Ivanov , J. Jäger , Y. Ji , J. Jung , M. Jung , B. Ketzer , S. Kirsch , M. Kleiner , A. G. Knospe , M. Korwieser , M. Kowalski , L. Lautner , M. Lesch , C. Lippmann , G. Mantzaridis , R. D. Majka , A. Marin , C. Markert , S. Masciocchi , A. Matyja , M. Meres , D. L. Mihaylov , D. Miśkowiec , R. H. Munzer , H. Murakami , K. Münning , A. Nassirpour , C. Nattrass , B. S. Nielsen , W. A. V. Noije , A. C. Oliveira Da Silva , A. Oskarsson , K. Oyama , L. Österman , Y. Pachmayer , G. Paić , M. Petris , M. Petrovici , M. Planinic , J. Rasson , K. F. Read , A. Rehman , R. Renfordt , A. Riedel , K. Røed , D. Röhrich , E. Rubio , A. Rusu , S. Sadhu , B. C. S. Sanches , J. Schambach , A. Schmah , C. Schmidt , A. Schmier , K. Schweda , D. Sekihata , D. Silvermyr , B. Sitar , N. Smirnov , H. K. Soltveit , C. Sonnabend , S. P. Sorensen , J. Stachel , L. Šerkšnytė , G. Tambave , K. Ullaland , B. Ulukutlu , D. Varga , O. Vazquez Rueda , B. Voss , J. Wiechula , B. Windelband , J. Wilkinson , J. Witte , A. Yadav , F. Zanone , S. Zhu

Real-time data processing is a central aspect of particle physics experiments with high requirements on computing resources. The LHCb experiment must cope with the 30 million proton-proton bunches collision per second rate of the Large…

After a highly successful first data taking period at the LHC, the LHCb experiment developed a new trigger strategy with a real-time reconstruction, alignment and calibration for Run II. This strategy relies on offline-like track…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-11-23 Marian Stahl

The ATLAS trigger has been used very successfully for the online event selection during the first part of the second LHC run (Run-2) in 2015/16 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The trigger system is composed of a hardware Level-1…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Catrin Bernius

A sophisticated trigger system, capable of real-time track reconstruction, is used in the ATLAS experiment to select interesting events in the proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. A set of $b$-jet triggers was…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-03 Andrea Coccaro

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN will be characterized by greater pileup of events and higher occupancy, making the track reconstruction even more computationally demanding. Existing algorithms at the LHC are based on…

After the Long Shutdown 2 the LHC will provide lead-lead collisions at interaction rates as high as 50kz. In order to cope with such conditions the ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) needs to be upgraded. After the upgrade the TPC will run…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-12 Alexander Deisting