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Although it is common for users to select bad passwords that can be easily cracked by attackers, password-based authentication remains the most widely-used method. To encourage users to select good passwords, enterprises often enforce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-21 Cem S. Sahin , Robert Lychev , Neal Wagner

We leverage the Gibbs inequality and its natural generalization to R\'enyi entropies to derive closed-form parametric expressions of the optimal lower bounds of $\rho$th-order guessing entropy (guessing moment) of a secret taking values on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Julien Béguinot , Olivier Rioul

The secrecy of a distributed-storage system for passwords is studied. The encoder, Alice, observes a length-n password and describes it using two hints, which she stores in different locations. The legitimate receiver, Bob, observes both…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Annina Bracher , Eran Hof , Amos Lapidoth

We consider the problem of constructing an unconditionally secure cipher for the case when the key length is less than the length of the encrypted message. (Unconditional security means that a computationally unbounded adversary cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Boris Ryabko

Eavesdropping attacks in inference systems aim to learn not the raw data, but the system inferences to predict and manipulate system actions. We argue that conventional information security measures can be ambiguous on the adversary's…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Chi-Yo Tsai , Gaurav Kumar Agarwal , Christina Fragouli , Suhas Diggavi

In this paper we explore several contexts where an adversary has an upper hand over the defender by using special hardware in an attack. These include password processing, hard-drive protection, cryptocurrency mining, resource sharing, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Alex Biryukov , Dmitry Khovratovich

Password users frequently employ passwords that are too simple, or they just reuse passwords for multiple websites. A common complaint is that utilizing secure passwords is too difficult. One possible solution to this problem is to use a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Elan Rosenfeld , Santosh Vempala , Manuel Blum

Password guessers are instrumental for assessing the strength of passwords. Despite their diversity and abundance, little is known about how different guessers compare to each other. We perform in-depth analyses and comparisons of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zach Parish , Connor Cushing , Shourya Aggarwal , Amirali Salehi-Abari , Julie Thorpe

Although quantum key distribution is regarded as promising secure communication, security of Y00 protocol proposed by Yuen in 2000 for the affinity to conventional optical communication is not well-understood yet; its security has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-13 Takehisa Iwakoshi

We study the information leakage to a guessing adversary in zero-error source coding. The source coding problem is defined by a confusion graph capturing the distinguishability between source symbols. The information leakage is measured by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Yucheng Liu , Lawrence Ong , Sarah Johnson , Joerg Kliewer , Parastoo Sadeghi , Phee Lep Yeoh

We put forth a new computational notion of entropy, measuring the (in)feasibility of sampling high-entropy strings that are consistent with a given generator. Specifically, the i'th output block of a generator G has accessible entropy at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Iftach Haitner , Omer Reingold , Salil Vadhan , Hoeteck Wee

In September 2017, McAffee Labs quarterly report estimated that brute force attacks represent 20\% of total network attacks, making them the most prevalent type of attack ex-aequo with browser based vulnerabilities. These attacks have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Salman Salamatian , Wasim Huleihel , Ahmad Beirami , Asaf Cohen , Muriel Médard

In this paper, we consider the problem of guessing a sequence subject to a distortion constraint. Specifically, we assume the following game between Alice and Bob: Alice has a sequence $\bx$ of length $n$. Bob wishes to guess $\bx$, yet he…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Asaf Cohen , Neri Merhav

Despite numerous countermeasures proposed by practitioners and researchers, remote control-flow alteration of programs with memory-safety vulnerabilities continues to be a realistic threat. Guaranteeing that complex software is completely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Martín Ochoa , Sebastian Banescu , Cynthia Disenfeld , Gilles Barthe , Vijay Ganesh

This paper is on developing some computer-assisted proof methods involving non-classical inequalities for Shannon entropy. Two areas of the applications of information inequalities are studied: Secret sharing schemes and hat guessing games.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Emirhan Gürpınar

We introduce a universal quantization scheme based on random coding, and we analyze its performance. This scheme consists of a source-independent random codebook (typically_mismatched_ to the source distribution), followed by optimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Rami Zamir

Among the various means of available resource protection including biometrics, password based system is most simple, user friendly, cost effective and commonly used. But this method having high sensitivity with attacks. Most of the advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-10-13 Manoj Kumar Singh

The statistical distribution, when determined from an incomplete set of constraints, is shown to be suitable as host for encrypted information. We design an encoding/decoding scheme to embed such a distribution with hidden information. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 L. Rebollo-Neira , A Plastino

Leaks from password datasets are a regular occurrence. An organization may defend a leak with reassurances that just a small subset of passwords were taken. In this paper we show that the leak of a relatively small number of text-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Hazel Murray , David Malone

We investigate the impact of (possible) deviations of the probability distribution of key values from a uniform distribution for the information-theoretic strong, or perfect, message authentication code. We found a simple expression for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Boris Ryabko