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Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) algorithms like UMAP and tSNE often produce visualizations that do not preserve the geometry of noisy and high dimensional data. In particular, they can spuriously separate connected components of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tristan Luca Saidi , Abigail Hickok , Bastian Rieck , Andrew J. Blumberg

Low-dimensional embeddings and visualizations are an indispensable tool for analysis of high-dimensional data. State-of-the-art methods, such as tSNE and UMAP, excel in unveiling local structures hidden in high-dimensional data and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jonas Fischer , Rebekka Burkholz , Jilles Vreeken

In deep neural nets, lower level embedding layers account for a large portion of the total number of parameters. Tikhonov regularization, graph-based regularization, and hard parameter sharing are approaches that introduce explicit biases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Liwei Wu , Shuqing Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack

Correct risk estimation of policyholders is of great significance to auto insurance companies. While the current tools used in this field have been proven in practice to be quite efficient and beneficial, we argue that there is still a lot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Joseph Levitas , Konstantin Yavilberg , Oleg Korol , Genadi Man

This work is concerned with the continuum limit of a graph-based data visualization technique called the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), which is widely used for visualizing data in a variety of applications, but is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Jeff Calder , Zhonggan Huang , Ryan Murray , Adam Pickarski

This paper presents a new insight into improving the performance of Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) by using Isolation kernel instead of Gaussian kernel. Isolation kernel outperforms Gaussian kernel in two aspects. First, the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Ye Zhu , Kai Ming Ting

Visualizing high-dimensional data has been a focus in data analysis communities for decades, which has led to the design of many algorithms, some of which are now considered references (such as t-SNE for example). In our era of overwhelming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Johan Paratte , Nathanaël Perraudin , Pierre Vandergheynst

The tsNET algorithm utilizes t-SNE to compute high-quality graph drawings, preserving the neighborhood and clustering structure. We present three fast algorithms for reducing the time complexity of tsNET algorithm from O(nm) time to O(n log…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Amyra Meidiana , Seok-Hee Hong , Kwan-Liu Ma

t-SNE has gained popularity as a dimension reduction technique, especially for visualizing data. It is well-known that all dimension reduction techniques may lose important features of the data. We provide a mathematical framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rupert Li , Elchanan Mossel

High-dimensional data visualization is crucial in the big data era and these techniques such as t-SNE and UMAP have been widely used in science and engineering. Big data, however, is often distributed across multiple data centers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Dong Qiao , Xinxian Ma , Jicong Fan

The need to understand the structure of hierarchical or high-dimensional data is present in a variety of fields. Hyperbolic spaces have proven to be an important tool for embedding computations and analysis tasks as their non-linear nature…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Martin Skrodzki , Hunter van Geffen , Nicolas F. Chaves-de-Plaza , Thomas Höllt , Elmar Eisemann , Klaus Hildebrandt

Unsupervised machine learning has recently gained much attention in the field of molecular dynamics (MD). Particularly, dimensionality reduction techniques have been regularly employed to analyze large volumes of high-dimensional MD data to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Patryk Tajs , Mateusz Skarupski , Jakub Rydzewski

Running machine learning analytics over geographically distributed datasets is a rapidly arising problem in the world of data management policies ensuring privacy and data security. Visualizing high dimensional data using tools such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Viska Wei , Nikita Ivkin , Vladimir Braverman , Alexander Szalay

Deep neural networks often require copious amount of labeled-data to train their scads of parameters. Training larger and deeper networks is hard without appropriate regularization, particularly while using a small dataset. Laterally,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Xiang Xu , Xiong Zhou , Ragav Venkatesan , Gurumurthy Swaminathan , Orchid Majumder

tSNE and UMAP are popular dimensionality reduction algorithms due to their speed and interpretable low-dimensional embeddings. Despite their popularity, however, little work has been done to study their full span of differences. We…

T-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) is a widely used data visualisation technique. It differs from its predecessor SNE by the low-dimensional similarity kernel: the Gaussian kernel was replaced by the heavy-tailed Cauchy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Dmitry Kobak , George Linderman , Stefan Steinerberger , Yuval Kluger , Philipp Berens

We study the problem of visualizing large-scale and high-dimensional data in a low-dimensional (typically 2D or 3D) space. Much success has been reported recently by techniques that first compute a similarity structure of the data points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Jian Tang , Jingzhou Liu , Ming Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei

We consider the mobile localization problem in future millimeter-wave wireless networks with distributed Base Stations (BSs) based on multi-antenna channel state information (CSI). For this problem, we propose a Semi-supervised tdistributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Junquan Deng , Wei Shi , Jian Hu , Xianlong Jiao

Similar to many Machine Learning models, both accuracy and speed of the Cluster weighted models (CWMs) can be hampered by high-dimensional data, leading to previous works on a parsimonious technique to reduce the effect of "Curse of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-03 Kehinde Olobatuyi

Projection algorithms such as t-SNE or UMAP are useful for the visualization of high dimensional data, but depend on hyperparameters which must be tuned carefully. Unfortunately, iteratively recomputing projections to find the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Gabriel Appleby , Mateus Espadoto , Rui Chen , Samuel Goree , Alexandru Telea , Erik W Anderson , Remco Chang
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