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We study optimization methods for solving the maximum likelihood formulation of independent component analysis (ICA). We consider both the the problem constrained to white signals and the unconstrained problem. The Hessian of the objective…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-26 Pierre Ablin , Jean-François Cardoso , Alexandre Gramfort

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a computational technique for revealing latent factors that underlie sets of measurements or signals. It has become a standard technique in functional neuroimaging. In functional neuroimaging, so…

Deep neural networks learn structured features from complex, non-Gaussian inputs, but the mechanisms behind this process remain poorly understood. Our work is motivated by the observation that the first-layer filters learnt by deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Fabiola Ricci , Lorenzo Bardone , Sebastian Goldt

The extended infomax algorithm for independent component analysis (ICA) can separate sub- and super-Gaussian signals but converges slowly as it uses stochastic gradient optimization. In this paper, an improved extended infomax algorithm is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-10 Nicole Ille

Latent variable discovery is a central problem in data analysis with a broad range of applications in applied science. In this work, we consider data given as an invertible mixture of two statistically independent components and assume that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-08 Uri Shaham , Jonathan Svirsky , Ori Katz , Ronen Talmon

A framework named Copula Component Analysis (CCA) for blind source separation is proposed as a generalization of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). It differs from ICA which assumes independence of sources that the underlying components…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jian Ma , Zengqi Sun

Classical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are ubiquitous in statistics. However, these techniques are only able to reveal linear relationships in data. Although nonlinear variants…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 David Lopez-Paz , Suvrit Sra , Alex Smola , Zoubin Ghahramani , Bernhard Schölkopf

Advances in computational cognitive neuroimaging research are related to the availability of large amounts of labeled brain imaging data, but such data are scarce and expensive to generate. While powerful data generation mechanisms, such as…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-15 Badr Tajini , Hugo Richard , Bertrand Thirion

Discovering the complete set of causal relations among a group of variables is a challenging unsupervised learning problem. Often, this challenge is compounded by the fact that there are latent or hidden confounders. When only observational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Anqi Liu , Hao Liu , Tongxin Li , Saeed Karimi-Bidhendi , Yisong Yue , Anima Anandkumar

Dimensionality reduction is a crucial step for pattern recognition and data mining tasks to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a traditional technique for unsupervised dimensionality reduction, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Zan Gao , Guotai Zhang , Feiping Nie , Hua Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Spatial Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is an increasingly used data-driven method to analyze functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. To date, it has been used to extract meaningful patterns without prior information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-11-25 Gaël Varoquaux , Sepideh Sadaghiani , Jean Baptiste Poline , Bertrand Thirion

Independent component analysis is an unsupervised learning approach for computing the independent components (ICs) from the multivariate signals or data matrix. The ICs are evaluated based on the multiplication of the weight matrix with the…

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) could become invalid when data involve non-Gaussian features. Therefore, we aim to develop a general FPCA method to adapt to such non-Gaussian cases. A Kenall's $\tau$ function, which possesses…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-18 Rou Zhong , Shishi Liu , Haocheng Li , Jingxiao Zhang

Causal discovery from i.i.d. observational data is known to be generally ill-posed. We demonstrate that if we have access to the distribution {induced} by a structural causal model, and additional data from (in the best case) \textit{only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Francesco Montagna

Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a popular multivariate analysis and signal processing technique with diverse applications. This paper is targeted at discussing theoretical large sample properties of ICA unmixing matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-18 Pauliina Ilmonen , Klaus Nordhausen , Hannu Oja , Esa Ollila

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a linear representation learning method that seeks maximally correlated variables in multi-view data. Non-linear CCA extends this notion to a broader family of transformations, which are more powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Amichai Painsky , Meir Feder , Naftali Tishby

Principal component analysis (PCA) is recognised as a quintessential data analysis technique when it comes to describing linear relationships between the features of a dataset. However, the well-known sensitivity of PCA to non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Jean P. Chereau , Bruno Scalzo Dees , Danilo P. Mandic

We introduce a new general identifiable framework for principled disentanglement referred to as Structured Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (SNICA). Our contribution is to extend the identifiability theory of deep generative models…

We propose a new high dimensional semiparametric principal component analysis (PCA) method, named Copula Component Analysis (COCA). The semiparametric model assumes that, after unspecified marginally monotone transformations, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-20 Fang Han , Han Liu