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We discuss approximation of functions using deep neural nets. Given a function $f$ on a $d$-dimensional manifold $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^m$, we construct a sparsely-connected depth-4 neural network and bound its error in approximating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-24 Uri Shaham , Alexander Cloninger , Ronald R. Coifman

This paper considers the growth in the length of one-dimensional trajectories as they are passed through deep ReLU neural networks, which, among other things, is one measure of the expressivity of deep networks. We generalise existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-26 Ilan Price , Jared Tanner

We present a framework to define a large class of neural networks for which, by construction, training by gradient flow provably reaches arbitrarily low loss when the number of parameters grows. Distinct from the fixed-space global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 David A. R. Robin , Kevin Scaman , Marc Lelarge

We prove bounds for the approximation and estimation of certain binary classification functions using ReLU neural networks. Our estimation bounds provide a priori performance guarantees for empirical risk minimization using networks of a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Andrei Caragea , Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

We use deep sparsely connected neural networks to measure the complexity of a function class in $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$ by restricting connectivity and memory requirement for storing the neural networks. We also introduce representation system -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Khay Boon Hong

This paper studies the approximation capacity of ReLU neural networks with norm constraint on the weights. We prove upper and lower bounds on the approximation error of these networks for smooth function classes. The lower bound is derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yuling Jiao , Yang Wang , Yunfei Yang

Deep neural networks have emerged as powerful tools for learning operators defined over infinite-dimensional function spaces. However, existing theories frequently encounter difficulties related to dimensionality and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianfei Li , Shuo Huang , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou , Gitta Kutyniok

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

\citet{farrell2021deep} establish non-asymptotic high-probability bounds for general deep feedforward neural network (with rectified linear unit activation function) estimators, with \citet[Theorem 1]{farrell2021deep} achieving a suboptimal…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-11 Zhaoji Tang

We study the problem of estimating an unknown function from noisy data using shallow ReLU neural networks. The estimators we study minimize the sum of squared data-fitting errors plus a regularization term proportional to the squared…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

In this paper, we investigate the Rademacher complexity of deep sparse neural networks, where each neuron receives a small number of inputs. We prove generalization bounds for multilayered sparse ReLU neural networks, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tomer Galanti , Mengjia Xu , Liane Galanti , Tomaso Poggio

The iterations of many sparse estimation algorithms are comprised of a fixed linear filter cascaded with a thresholding nonlinearity, which collectively resemble a typical neural network layer. Consequently, a lengthy sequence of algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Bo Xin , Yizhou Wang , Wen Gao , David Wipf

An approach to construct explicit integral representations for two-layer ReLU networks is presented, which provides relatively simple representations for any multivariate polynomial. Quantitative bounds are provided for a particular,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Anthony Lee

In this paper we introduce new bounds on the approximation of functions in deep networks and in doing so introduce some new deep network architectures for function approximation. These results give some theoretical insight into the success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski

We derive an approximation error bound that holds simultaneously for a function and all its derivatives up to any prescribed order. The bounds apply to elementary functions, including multivariate polynomials, the exponential function, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Konstantin Yakovlev , Nikita Puchkin

Each year, deep learning demonstrates new and improved empirical results with deeper and wider neural networks. Meanwhile, with existing theoretical frameworks, it is difficult to analyze networks deeper than two layers without resorting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hong Jun Jeon , Yifan Zhu , Benjamin Van Roy

Numerical experiments indicate that deep learning algorithms overcome the curse of dimensionality when approximating solutions of semilinear PDEs. For certain linear PDEs and semilinear PDEs with gradient-independent nonlinearities this has…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Ariel Neufeld , Tuan Anh Nguyen

This paper proves an abstract theorem addressing in a unified manner two important problems in function approximation: avoiding curse of dimensionality and estimating the degree of approximation for out-of-sample extension in manifold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Hrushikesh N. Mhaskar

For classification problems, trained deep neural networks return probabilities of class memberships. In this work we study convergence of the learned probabilities to the true conditional class probabilities. More specifically we consider…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Thijs Bos , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber