Related papers: The Horizon Energy of a Black Hole
A new theorem for black holes is established. The mass of a black hole depends on where the observer is. The horizon mass theorem states that for all black holes: neutral, charged or rotating, the horizon mass is always twice the…
An exact energy expression for a physical black hole is derived by considering the escape of a photon from the black hole. The mass of the black hole within its horizon is found to be twice its mass as observed at infinity. This result is…
A new theorem for black holes is found. It is called the horizon mass theorem. The horizon mass is the mass which cannot escape from the horizon of a black hole. For all black holes: neutral, charged or rotating, the horizon mass is always…
A new paradigm for black holes is introduced. It is known as the External Energy Paradigm. The paradigm asserts that all energies of a black hole are external quantities; they are absent inside the horizon. These energies include…
We set to weigh the black holes at their event horizons in various spacetimes and obtain masses which are substantially higher than their asymptotic values. In each case, the horizon mass of a Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstr{\"o}m, or Kerr…
The mass-energy formula for a black hole endowed with electromagnetic structure (EMBH) is clarified for the nonrotating case. The irreducible mass $M_{\mathrm{irr}}$ is found to be independent of the electromagnetic field and explicitly…
A star surrounded by a black hole generated by it is analyzed. For an outer static observer the black hole mass (and radius) depends on his position in the gravitational field of the star. In spite of the black hole presence, the geometry…
Black hole horizon is usually defined as the limit for existence of timelike worldline or when a spatially bound surface turns oneway (it is crossable only in one direction). It would be insightful and physically appealing to find its…
The mass of a black hole is the sum of the irreducible mass and the mass associated with the rotational or spin energy of the black hole. The contribution of spin energy (divided by $c^2$) to the total black hole mass is studied here for…
This article presents an analysis of regular rotating black hole solutions within the framework of Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR). The study evaluates the total energy and derives an analytical expression for the…
The rotational properties of astrophysical black holes are fundamental quantities that characterization the black holes. A new method to empirically determine the spin mass-energy characteristics of astrophysical black holes is presented…
Energy of a black hole is usually quantized by invoking some area quantization scheme after expressing the energy in terms of the horizon area. However, in this approach one has to quantize the local and asymptotic energy of the black hole…
We proposed a gravitational energy momentum tensor in previous paper. By using it, we evaluate an electric and a gravitational energies in and out of an event horizon of a charged black hole. There is no gravitational energy in the event…
The gravitational force harbours a fundamental instability against collapse. In standard General Relativity without Quantum Mechanics, this implies the existence of black holes as natural, stable solutions of Einstein's equations. If one…
Using a cosmological black hole model proposed recently, we have calculated the quasi-local mass of a collapsing structure within a cosmological setting due to different definitions put forward in the last decades to see how similar or…
Although we have convincing evidence that a black hole bears an entropy proportional to its surface (horizon) area, the ``statistical mechanical'' explanation of this entropy remains unknown. Two basic questions in this connection are: what…
The mass of a black hole has traditionally been identified with its energy. We describe a new perspective on black hole thermodynamics, one that identifies the mass of a black hole with chemical enthalpy, and the cosmological constant as…
Scattering of particles with different masses and energy in the gravitational field of rotating black holes is considered as outside as inside the black hole. Expressions for scattering energy of particles in the centre of mass system are…
Black holes are a common feature of the Universe. They are observed as stellar mass black holes spread throughout galaxies and as supermassive objects in their centres. Observations of stars orbiting close to the centre of our Galaxy…
In this paper, we discuss the energy-momentum problem in the realm of teleparallel gravity. The energy-momentum distribution for a class of regular black holes coupled with a non-linear electrodynamics source is investigated by using…