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In low-resource settings, model transfer can help to overcome a lack of labeled data for many tasks and domains. However, predicting useful transfer sources is a challenging problem, as even the most similar sources might lead to unexpected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Heike Adel , Dietrich Klakow

Source code comes in different shapes and forms. Previous research has already shown code to be more predictable than natural language as well as highlighted its statistical predictability at the token level: source code can be natural.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Profir-Petru Pârţachi , Mahito Sugiyama

Detecting Bug Inducing Commit (BIC) or Just in Time (JIT) defect prediction using Machine Learning (ML) based models requires tabulated feature values extracted from the source code or historical maintenance data of a software system.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Md Nadim , Banani Roy

A well-known approach for identifying defect-prone parts of software in order to focus testing is to use different kinds of product metrics such as size or complexity. Although this approach has been evaluated in many contexts, the question…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Frank Elberzhager , Stephan Kremer , Jürgen Münch , Danilo Assmann

Feature engineering has become one of the most important steps to improve model prediction performance, and to produce quality datasets. However, this process requires non-trivial domain-knowledge which involves a time-consuming process.…

Language models (LMs) have exhibited impressive abilities in generating codes from natural language requirements. In this work, we highlight the diversity of code generated by LMs as a critical criterion for evaluating their code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Heejae Chon , Seonghyeon Lee , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

Regression testing is an essential activity to assure that software code changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities. With the wide adoption of Continuous Integration (CI) in software projects, which increases the frequency of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Rongqi Pan , Mojtaba Bagherzadeh , Taher A. Ghaleb , Lionel Briand

Traditional algorithms for detecting differences in source code focus on differences between lines. As such, little can be learned about abstract changes that occur over time within a project. Structural differencing on the program's…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Jason Dagit , Matthew Sottile

Machine Learning (ML) research publications commonly provide open-source implementations on GitHub, allowing their audience to replicate, validate, or even extend machine learning algorithms, data sets, and metadata. However, thus far…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Aaditya Bhatia , Ellis E. Eghan , Manel Grichi , William G. Cavanagh , Zhen Ming , Jiang , Bram Adams

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in software engineering to generate, complete, translate, and fix code, improving developer productivity. While most research focuses on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali , Oussema Kirmani , Aroosa Hameed , Syed Muhammad Danish , Gautam Srivastava

One of the biggest expense in software development is the maintenance. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend what triggers maintenance and if it may be predicted. Numerous research have demonstrated that specific methods of assessing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Al Khan , Remudin Reshid Mekuria , Ruslan Isaev

Predictive models are one of the most important techniques that are widely applied in many areas of software engineering. There have been a large number of primary studies that apply predictive models and that present well-preformed studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yanming Yang , Xin Xia , David Lo , Tingting Bi , John Grundy , Xiaohu Yang

Software reliability is an important quality attrib-ute, often evaluated as either a function of time or of system structures. The goal of this study is to have this metric cover both for component-based software, be-cause its reliability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Wen-Li Wang , Mei-Huei Tang

With the increasing complexity of large-scale software systems, identifying all necessary modifications for a specific change is challenging. Co-changed methods, which are methods frequently modified together, are crucial for understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yiping Jia , Safwat Hassan , Ying Zou

Feature selection is a crucial preprocessing step in data analytics and machine learning. Classical feature selection algorithms select features based on the correlations between predictive features and the class variable and do not attempt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kui Yu , Xianjie Guo , Lin Liu , Jiuyong Li , Hao Wang , Zhaolong Ling , Xindong Wu

Large language models have shown remarkable ability in serial code generation, but they still struggle with parallel code for which training data is comparatively scarce. A common remedy is to use coding agents that interact with external…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gautam Singh , Arjun Guha , Bhavya Kailkhura , Harshitha Menon

The deep learning approach to detecting malicious software (malware) is promising but has yet to tackle the problem of dataset shift, namely that the joint distribution of examples and their labels associated with the test set is different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Deqiang Li , Tian Qiu , Shuo Chen , Qianmu Li , Shouhuai Xu

Code generation models are widely used in software development, yet their sensitivity to prompt phrasing remains under-examined. Identical requirements expressed with different emotions or communication styles can yield divergent outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Jingquan Ge , Xiaofei Xie , Lingxiao Jiang

Code generation aims to synthesize code and fulfill functional requirements based on natural language (NL) specifications, which can greatly improve development efficiency. In the era of large language models (LLMs), large code models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Chaozheng Wang , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Wenxuan Wang , Ting Peng , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng , Shuai Wang , Michael R. Lyu

Software is constantly changing, requiring developers to perform several derived tasks in a timely manner, such as writing a description for the intention of the code change, or identifying the defect-prone code changes. Considering that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Zhongxin Liu , Yepang Liu , Xin Xia , Xiaoguang Mao