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We carry out 3D-hydrodynamical calculations for the interaction of expanding supernova ejecta with the dense circumstellar matter (CSM) and the rarefied interstellar medium (ISM) outside. The CSM is composed of the stellar wind matter from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Takafumi Shimizu , Kuniaki Masai , Katsuji Koyama

X-ray emission is one of the signposts of circumstellar interaction in supernovae (SNe), but until now, it has been observed only in core-collapse SNe. The level of thermal X-ray emission is a direct measure of the density of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-25 C. D. Bochenek , Vikram. V. Dwarkadas , Jeffrey M. Silverman , Ori D. Fox , Roger A. Chevalier , Nathan Smith , Alexei V. Filippenko

We investigate the evolution of red supergiant (RSG) progenitors of core-collapse (CC) supernovae (SNe) with initial masses between $12-20~M_\odot$ focusing on the effects of enhanced mass loss due to pulsation-driven instabilities in their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Sutirtha Sengupta , Das Sujit , Arkaprabha Sarangi

We study high-energy (HE) neutrino production from interactions between supernova (SN) ejecta and the surrounding circumstellar material (CSM), focusing on regular Type~II and Type~IIn SNe. Using observationally inferred CSM density…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Yi-Long Duan , Tuohuniyazi Tuniyazi , Gang Guo

Supernovae (SNe) are generally classified into Type I and Type II. Most SNe (~ 80%), including all the subtypes of Type II, and Type Ib/c, arise from the core-collapse of massive stars. During their lifetime, mass-loss from these stars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-07 Vikram Dwarkadas

With the ever faster cadence of untargeted surveys of the sky, the supernova (SN) community will capture in the coming years a growing number of shock breakouts in red-supergiant (RSG) stars. Expecting a high frequency of breakouts within…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Luc Dessart , W. V. Jacobson-Galan

We study the properties of low-velocity material in the line of sight towards nearby Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) that have measured late phase nebular velocity shifts (v_neb), thought to be an environment-independent observable. We have…

We present a sample of Type Icn supernovae (SNe Icn), a newly-discovered class of transients characterized by their interaction with H- and He-poor circumstellar material (CSM). This sample is the largest collection of SNe Icn to date and…

(Abridged) Mass-loss from massive stars leads to the formation of circumstellar wind-blown bubbles surrounding the star, bordered by a dense shell. When the star ends its life in a supernova (SN) explosion, the resulting shock wave will…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Vikram V. Dwarkadas

Massive stars can significantly modify the surrounding medium during their lifetime. When the stars explode as supernovae, the resulting shock wave expands within this modified medium and not within the interstellar medium. We explore the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vikram V. Dwarkadas

Some interacting supernovae (SNe) of type IIn show a sizeable continuum polarisation suggestive of a large scale asymmetry in the circumstellar medium (CSM) and/or the SN ejecta. Here, we extend the recent work of Dessart et al. on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-09 Alkiviadis Vlasis , Luc Dessart , Edouard Audit

Detailed observations of a growing number of supernovae have determined a bloom of new peculiar events. In this paper we take a short tour through the SN diversity and discuss some important, physical issues related to it. Because of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Turatto , S. Benetti , E. Cappellaro

Mass loss from massive stars ($\ga 8 \msun$) can result in the formation of circumstellar wind blown cavities surrounding the star, bordered by a thin, dense, cold shell. When the star explodes as a core-collapse supernova (SN), the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Vikram V. Dwarkadas

Here we present new - and, nevertheless, last - mid-infrared (mid-IR) data for supernovae (SNe) based on measurements with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Comparing our recent 3.6 and 4.5 $\mu$m photometry with previously published mid-IR and…

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of degenerate white dwarf (WD) stars destabilized by mass accretion from a companion star, but the nature of their progenitors remains poorly understood. A way to discriminate between…

The properties of the population of compact objects created in core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are uncertain. X-ray observations years to decades after the explosions offer a way to gain insight into this, as hard X-ray emission from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-06 Julia Ahlvind , Josefin Larsson , Dennis Alp

There is increasing evidence that, in the very late phase of stellar evolution before core collapse, massive stars have winds with large mass loss rates that give rise to a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor star.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-09 Nick Ekanger , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kazumi Kashiyama

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are the outcome of supernovae (SNe, either core-collapse or thermonuclear). The remnant results from the interaction between the stellar ejecta and the ambient medium around the progenitor star. Young SNRs are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-18 Gilles Ferrand

We study the evolution of supernova remnants in the circumstellar medium formed by mass loss from the progenitor star. The properties of this interaction are investigated, and the specific case of a 35 $\msun$ star is studied in detail. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vikram Dwarkadas

Transients powered by interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM) are often observed in wavelengths other than optical, and multi-wavelength modelling can be important when inferring the properties of the explosion and CSM, or for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-23 Daichi Tsuna , Kazumi Kashiyama , Toshikazu Shigeyama