Related papers: Neutron stars: Observational diversity and evoluti…
The phenomenology of the emission of pulsars and magnetars depends dramatically on the structure and properties of their magnetic field. In particular it is believed that the outbursting and flaring activity observed in AXPs and SRGs is…
The existence of neutron stars was not confirmed until the discovery of pulsars at radio wavelengths in late 1960s. Since then, these highly compact and magnetized objects have been observed across the electromagnetic spectrum, and widely…
In these lecture notes I briefly discuss the present day situation and new discoveries in astrophysics of neutron stars focusing on isolated objects. The latter include soft gamma repeaters, anomalous X-ray pulsars, central compact objects…
The recent measurement by Bignami and co-workers of the magnetic field of a neutron star for the first time gives a value that differs by about two orders of magnitude from the expected value. The speculation has been that the nuclear…
Magnetars, neutron stars with ultra strong magnetic fields ($B\sim 10^{14} - 10^{15}$G), manifest their exotic nature in the form of soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars. This study estimates the birthrate of magnetars to be…
Neutron stars are compact objects rotating at high speed, up to a substantial fraction of the speed of light (up to 20\% for millisecond pulsars) and possessing ultra-strong electromagnetic fields (close to and sometimes above the quantum…
The spectrum of oscillating compact objects can be considerably altered in alternative theories of gravity. In particular, it may be enriched by modes with no counterpart in general relativity, tied to the dynamics of additional degrees of…
The X-ray emission of neutron stars enables a probe of their temperatures, geometries, and magnetospheric properties. The current number of X-ray emitting pulsars is insufficient to rule out observational biases that may arise from poorly…
The distinction between the high-magnetic field pulsars (HBPs, thought to be mainly rotation-powered) and magnetars (commonly believed to be powered by their super-strong magnetic fields) has been recently blurred with the discovery of…
Two classes of X-ray pulsars, the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars and the Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters, have been recognized in the last decade as the most promising candidates for being magnetars: isolated neutron stars powered by magnetic energy. I…
Some young neutron stars, the magnetars, have ultra-strong magnetic fields, yet their inferred birth rate is comparable to the core-collapse supernova rate, challenging scenarios that require rare, extreme conditions. We propose that this…
In recent years, the number of pulsars with secure mass measurements has increased to a level that allows us to probe the underlying neutron star (NS) mass distribution in detail. We critically review the radio pulsar mass measurements. For…
In recent years, accreting neutron stars (NSs) in X-ray binary systems in supernova remnants have been discovered. They are a puzzle for the standard magneto-rotational evolution of NSs, as their age ($\lesssim 10^5$ years) is much less…
Magnetars and many of the magnetar-related objects are summarized together and discussed. It is shown that there is an abuse of language in the use of "magnetar". Anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma-ray repeaters are well-known magnetar…
Using recently calculated analytic and numerical models for the thermal structure of ultramagnetized neutron stars, we estimate the effects that ultrastrong magnetic fields $B \ge 10^{14}$ G have on the thermal evolution of a neutron star.…
There has never been a more exciting time in the overlapping areas of nuclear physics, particle physics and relativistic astrophysics than today. Orbiting observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope, Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE),…
Supernova remnants serve as nearby laboratories relevant to many areas in Astrophysics, from stellar and galaxy evolution to extreme astrophysics and the formation of the heavy elements in the Universe. The Chandra X-ray mission has enabled…
We describe distinctive stellar features indicating the presence of hyperons in neutron stars as compared to purely nucleonic systems. A strongly negative curvature of the mass-radius relation $R(M)$ is characteristic of hyperons, which can…
The numerous compact sources associated with neutron stars and white dwarfs discovered in recent decades are analyzed in terms of the Gravimagnetic Rotator model (GMR paradigm - Lipunov, 1987a; Lipunov, 1992). We offer the instrument for…
This work is the first in a series of studies aimed at understanding the dynamics of highly eccentric binary neutron stars, and constructing an appropriate gravitational-waveform model for detection. Such binaries are possible sources for…