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We consider two closely related problems of text indexing in a sub-linear working space. The first problem is the Sparse Suffix Tree (SST) construction of a set of suffixes $B$ using only $O(|B|)$ words of space. The second problem is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Or Birenzwige , Shay Golan , Ely Porat

The $r$-index represented a breakthrough in compressed indexing of repetitive text collections, outperforming its alternatives by orders of magnitude in query time. Its space usage, $O(r)$ where $r$ is the number of runs in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Dustin Cobas , Travis Gagie , Gonzalo Navarro

In a \emph{weighted sequence}, for every position of the sequence and every letter of the alphabet a probability of occurrence of this letter at this position is specified. Weighted sequences are commonly used to represent imprecise or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Carl Barton , Tomasz Kociumaka , Chang Liu , Solon P. Pissis , Jakub Radoszewski

In this paper we propose a flexible and lightweight technique for merging compressed indices based on variants of Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), thus addressing the need for algorithms that compute compressed indices over large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Lavinia Egidi , Giovanni Manzini

Given a set of pattern strings $\mathcal{P}=\{P_1, P_2,\ldots P_k\}$ and a text string $S$, the classic dictionary matching problem is to report all occurrences of each pattern in $S$. We study the dictionary problem in the compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Simon J. Puglisi , Simon R. Tarnow

Due to the exponential growth of genomic data, constructing dedicated data structures has become the principal bottleneck in common bioinformatics applications. In particular, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is the basis of some of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Francesco Masillo

We consider the problem of maintaining a collection of strings while efficiently supporting splits and concatenations on them, as well as comparing two substrings, and computing the longest common prefix between two suffixes. This problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Gonzalo Navarro

Given a string of characters, the Burrows-Wheeler Transform rearranges the characters in it so as to produce another string of the same length which is more amenable to compression techniques such as move to front, run-length encoding, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-01-17 Joseph Yossi Gil , David Allen Scott

The Binary Jumbled String Matching problem is defined as: Given a string $s$ over $\{a,b\}$ of length $n$ and a query $(x,y)$, with $x,y$ non-negative integers, decide whether $s$ has a substring $t$ with exactly $x$ $a$'s and $y$ $b$'s.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Golnaz Badkobeh , Gabriele Fici , Steve Kroon , Zsuzsanna Lipták

One of the most well-known variants of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) [Burrows and Wheeler, 1994] is the bijective BWT (BBWT) [Gil and Scott, arXiv 2012], which applies the extended BWT (EBWT) [Mantaci et al., TCS 2007] to the multiset…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Dominik Köppl , Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Ayumi Shinohara

The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) is a reversible string transformation which plays a central role in text compression and is fundamental in many modern bioinformatics applications. The BWT is a permutation of the characters, which is in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Sara Giuliani , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Romeo Rizzi

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Until recently, most experts would probably have agreed we cannot backwards-step in constant time with a run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler Transform (RLBWT), since doing so relies on rank queries on sparse bitvectors and those inherit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Nathaniel K. Brown , Travis Gagie , Massimiliano Rossi

Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

Although real-world text datasets, such as DNA sequences, are far from being uniformly random, average-case string searching algorithms perform significantly better than worst-case ones in most applications of interest. In this paper, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Lorraine A. K. Ayad , Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Costas S. Iliopoulos , Solon P. Pissis

Compressed indexing enables powerful queries over massive and repetitive textual datasets using space proportional to the compressed input. While theoretical advances have led to highly efficient index structures, their practical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ankith Reddy Adudodla , Dominik Kempa

A bit catastrophe, loosely defined, is when a change in just one character of a string causes a significant change in the size of the compressed string. We study this phenomenon for the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), a string transform at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sara Giuliani , Shunsuke Inenaga , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

We deal with the problem of maintaining the suffix tree indexing structure for a fully-online collection of multiple strings, where a new character can be prepended to any string in the collection at any time. The only previously known…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Shunsuke Inenaga

We introduce the first index that can be built in $o(n)$ time for a text of length $n$, and can also be queried in $o(q)$ time for a pattern of length $q$. On an alphabet of size $\sigma$, our index uses $O(n\sqrt{\log n\log\sigma})$ bits,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-16 J. Ian Munro , Gonzalo Navarro , Yakov Nekrich

We study the fundamental question of how efficiently suffix array entries can be accessed when the array cannot be stored explicitly. The suffix array $SA_T[1..n]$ of a text $T$ of length $n$ encodes the lexicographic order of its suffixes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka
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