Related papers: X-Cube Fracton Model on Generic Lattices: Phases a…
Finding suitable indicators for characterizing quantum phase transitions plays an important role in understanding different phases of matter. It is especially important for fracton phases where a combination of topology and…
We study models with fracton-like order based on $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with subsystem symmetries in $d=2$ and $d=3$ spatial dimensions. The $3d$ model reduces to the $3$-dimensional Toric Code when subsystem symmetry is…
Motivated by the prediction of fractonic topological defects in a quantum crystal, we utilize a reformulated elasticity duality to derive a description of a fracton phase in terms of coupled vector U(1) gauge theories. The fracton order and…
We broaden the scope of quantum field theory by introducing a general class of discrete gauge theories that realize either topological order or fracton behavior across dimensions. We start from translation-invariant systems endowed with…
We study novel three-dimensional gapped quantum phases of matter which support quasiparticles with restricted mobility, including immobile "fracton" excitations. So far, most existing fracton models may be instructively viewed as…
We propose a quantum field theory description of the X-cube model of fracton topological order. The field theory is not (and cannot be) a topological quantum field theory (TQFT), since unlike the X-cube model, TQFTs are invariant (i.e.…
In this paper, we explore the interplay between symmetry and fracton order, motivated by the analogous close relationship for topologically ordered systems. Specifically, we consider models with 3D planar subsystem symmetry, and show that…
The study of gapped quantum many-body systems in three spatial dimensions has uncovered the existence of quantum states hosting quasiparticles that are confined, not by energetics but by the structure of local operators, to move along lower…
As an unconventional realization of topological orders with an exotic interplay of topology and geometry, fracton (topological) orders feature subextensive topological ground state degeneracy and subdimensional excitations that are movable…
Fractonic phases are new phases of matter that host excitations with restricted mobility. We show that a certain class of gapless fractonic phases are realized as a result of spontaneous breaking of continuous higher-form symmetries whose…
We propose a set of constraints on the ground-state wavefunctions of fracton phases, which provide a possible generalization of the string-net equations used to characterize topological orders in two spatial dimensions. Our constraint…
We introduce the XY checkerboard toric code. It represents a generalization of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code with two types of star operators with $x$ and $y$ flavor and two anisotropic star sublattices forming a checkerboard lattice. The…
Product code construction is a powerful tool for constructing quantum stabilizer codes, which serve as a promising paradigm for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Furthermore, the natural mapping between stabilizer codes and the…
Fractons are gapped point-like excitations in $d=3$ topological ordered phases whose motion is constrained. They have been discovered in several gapped models but a unifying physical mechanism for generating them is still missing. It has…
We study several exotic systems, including the X-cube model, on a flat three-torus with a twist in the $xy$-plane. The ground state degeneracy turns out to be a sensitive function of various geometrical parameters. Starting from a lattice,…
We discuss the procedure for gauging on-site $\mathbb{Z}_2$ global symmetries of three-dimensional lattice Hamiltonians that permute quasi-particles and provide general arguments demonstrating the non-Abelian character of the resultant…
Gapped fracton phases constitute a new class of quantum states of matter which connects to topological orders but does not fit easily into existing paradigms. They host unconventional features such as sub-extensive and robust ground state…
There are now many examples of gapped fracton models, which are defined by the presence of restricted-mobility excitations above the quantum ground state. However, the theory of fracton orders remains in its early stages, and the complex…
We study p-string condensation mechanisms for fracton phases from the viewpoint of higher-form symmetry, focusing on the examples of the X-cube model and the rank-two symmetric-tensor U(1) scalar charge theory. This work is motivated by…
We begin with an introduction to topological order using Wegner's quantum $Z_2$ gauge theory on the square lattice: the topological state is characterized by the expulsion of defects, carrying $Z_2$ magnetic flux. The interplay between…