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Designing reliable decision strategies for autonomous urban driving is challenging. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to automatically derive suitable behavior in uncertain environments, but it does not provide any guarantee on the…

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising way to achieve human-like autonomous driving. However, the low sample efficiency and difficulty of designing reward functions for DRL would hinder its applications in practice. In light of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Semantic interpretability in Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables transparency and verifiability of decision-making. Achieving semantic interpretability in reinforcement learning requires (1) a feature space composed of human-understandable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhaoxin Li , Zhang Xi-Jia , Batuhan Altundas , Letian Chen , Rohan Paleja , Matthew Gombolay

Symbolic regression is emerging as a promising machine learning method for learning succinct underlying interpretable mathematical expressions directly from data. Whereas it has been traditionally tackled with genetic programming, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Nour Makke , Sanjay Chawla

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental framework for sequential decision-making, in which an agent learns an optimal policy through interactions with an unknown environment. In settings with function approximation, many existing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiquan Huang , Donghao Li , Yingbin Liang , Jing Yang

We study estimation and inference using data collected by reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. These algorithms adaptively experiment by interacting with individual units over multiple stages, updating their strategies based on past…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Vasilis Syrgkanis , Ruohan Zhan

Humans can leverage both symbolic reasoning and intuitive reactions. In contrast, reinforcement learning policies are typically encoded in either opaque systems like neural networks or symbolic systems that rely on predefined symbols and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hikaru Shindo , Quentin Delfosse , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Data processing and analytics are fundamental and pervasive. Algorithms play a vital role in data processing and analytics where many algorithm designs have incorporated heuristics and general rules from human knowledge and experience to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Qingpeng Cai , Can Cui , Yiyuan Xiong , Wei Wang , Zhongle Xie , Meihui Zhang

Envisioned application areas for reinforcement learning (RL) include autonomous driving, precision agriculture, and finance, which all require RL agents to make decisions in the real world. A significant challenge hindering the adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Dominik Baumann , Erfaun Noorani , James Price , Ole Peters , Colm Connaughton , Thomas B. Schön

Symbolic Regression aims to automatically identify compact and interpretable mathematical expressions that model the functional relationship between input and output variables. Most existing search-based symbolic regression methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianwen Sun , Xinrui Li , Fuqing Li , Xiaoxuan Shen

Consider learning a policy from example expert behavior, without interaction with the expert or access to reinforcement signal. One approach is to recover the expert's cost function with inverse reinforcement learning, then extract a policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Jonathan Ho , Stefano Ermon

Genetic Programming (GP) is an evolutionary algorithm commonly used for machine learning tasks. In this paper we present a method that allows GP to transform the representation of a large-scale machine learning dataset into a more compact…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Lino Rodriguez-Coayahuitl , Alicia Morales-Reyes , Hugo Jair Escalante

Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) can learn policies without explicitly defining the reward function from demonstrations. GAIL has the potential to learn policies with high-dimensional observations as input, e.g., images. By…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yoshihisa Tsurumine , Takamitsu Matsubara

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing model reasoning. However, existing RL methods like GRPO typically rely on unstructured self-sampling to fit scalar rewards, often producing inefficient rollouts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jinyang Wu , Chonghua Liao , Mingkuan Feng , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen , Haoran Luo , Ling Yang , Huazhe Xu , Jianhua Tao

Though reinforcement learning has greatly benefited from the incorporation of neural networks, the inability to verify the correctness of such systems limits their use. Current work in explainable deep learning focuses on explaining only a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Nicholay Topin , Manuela Veloso

The control of traffic signals is crucial for improving transportation efficiency. Recently, learning-based methods, especially Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), garnered substantial success in the quest for more efficient traffic signal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xiao-Cheng Liao , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

Combinatorial optimization is frequently used in computer vision. For instance, in applications like semantic segmentation, human pose estimation and action recognition, programs are formulated for solving inference in Conditional Random…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Safa Messaoud , Maghav Kumar , Alexander G. Schwing

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables agents to take decision based on a reward function. However, in the process of learning, the choice of values for learning algorithm parameters can significantly impact the overall learning process. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Adarsh Sehgal , Hung Manh La , Sushil J. Louis , Hai Nguyen

Due to recent breakthroughs, reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated impressive performance in challenging sequential decision-making problems. However, an open question is how to make RL cope with partial observability which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Stephan Weigand , Pascal Klink , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen