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Encoder-decoder models have become an effective approach for sequence learning tasks like machine translation, image captioning and speech recognition, but have yet to show competitive results for handwritten text recognition. To this end,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Johannes Michael , Roger Labahn , Tobias Grüning , Jochen Zöllner

In this paper, a robust multiscale neural network is proposed to recognize handwritten mathematical expressions and output LaTeX sequences, which can effectively and correctly focus on where each step of output should be concerned and has a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Hongyu Wang , Guangcun Shan

Online Handwritten Text Recognition (OLHTR) has gained considerable attention for its diverse range of applications. Current approaches usually treat OLHTR as a sequence recognition task, employing either a single trajectory or image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Chenyu Liu , Jinshui Hu , Baocai Yin , Jia Pan , Bing Yin , Jun Du , Qingfeng Liu

We present a neural encoder-decoder model to convert images into presentational markup based on a scalable coarse-to-fine attention mechanism. Our method is evaluated in the context of image-to-LaTeX generation, and we introduce a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-15 Yuntian Deng , Anssi Kanervisto , Jeffrey Ling , Alexander M. Rush

The Transformer architecture is shown to provide a powerful framework as an end-to-end model for building expression trees from online handwritten gestures corresponding to glyph strokes. In particular, the attention mechanism was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Mirco Ramo , Guénolé C. M. Silvestre

The paper approaches the task of handwritten text recognition (HTR) with attentional encoder-decoder networks trained on sequences of characters, rather than words. We experiment on lines of text from popular handwriting datasets and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jason Poulos , Rafael Valle

We replace the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which is traditionally used in in continuous speech recognition with a bi-directional recurrent neural network encoder coupled to a recurrent neural network decoder that directly emits a stream of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-05 Jan Chorowski , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Unconstrained handwritten text recognition remains challenging for computer vision systems. Paragraph text recognition is traditionally achieved by two models: the first one for line segmentation and the second one for text line…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Denis Coquenet , Clément Chatelain , Thierry Paquet

In general, it is straightforward to render an offline handwriting image from an online handwriting pattern. However, it is challenging to reconstruct an online handwriting pattern given an offline handwriting image, especially for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Hung Tuan Nguyen , Tsubasa Nakamura , Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Masaki Nakagawa

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has wide applications in human-machine interaction scenarios, such as digitized education and automated offices. Recently, sequence-based models with encoder-decoder architectures have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Tongkun Guan , Chengyu Lin , Wei Shen , Xiaokang Yang

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a challenging task with many educational applications. Recent methods for HMER have been developed for complex mathematical expressions in standard horizontal format. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Daniel Rosa , Filipe R. Cordeiro , Ruan Carvalho , Everton Souza , Sergio Chevtchenko , Luiz Rodrigues , Marcelo Marinho , Thales Vieira , Valmir Macario

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to recover the pen trajectory of offline characters which is a crucial step for handwritten character recognition. Generally, online acquisition approach has more advantage than its offline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Abir Bhowmick , Ankan Kumar Bhunia , Aishik Konwer , Prithaj Banerjee , Partha Pratim Roy , Umapada Pal

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) methods have made remarkable progress, with most existing HMER approaches based on either a hybrid CNN/RNN-based with GRU architecture or Transformer architectures. Each of these has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Kehua Chen , Haoyang Shen , Lifan Zhong , Mingyi Chen

The Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) task is a critical branch in the field of OCR. Recent studies have demonstrated that incorporating bidirectional context information significantly improves the performance of HMER…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Hanbo Cheng , Chenyu Liu , Pengfei Hu , Zhenrong Zhang , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du

Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Expressions (HMEs) is a challenging problem because of the ambiguity and complexity of two-dimensional handwriting. Moreover, the lack of large training data is a serious issue, especially for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Anh Duc Le , Bipin Indurkhya , Masaki Nakagawa

This research approaches the task of handwritten text with attention encoder-decoder networks that are trained on Kazakh and Russian language. We developed a novel deep neural network model based on Fully Gated CNN, supported by Multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Mohamed Hamada , Daniyar Nurseitov

We propose an end-to-end recurrent encoder-decoder based sequence learning approach for printed text Optical Character Recognition (OCR). In contrast to present day existing state-of-art OCR solution which uses connectionist temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Devendra Kumar Sahu , Mohak Sukhwani

The Transformer architecture is shown to provide a powerful machine transduction framework for online handwritten gestures corresponding to glyph strokes of natural language sentences. The attention mechanism is successfully used to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 G. C. M. Silvestre , F. Balado , O. Akinremi , M. Ramo

Handwritten document recognition (HDR) is one of the most challenging tasks in the field of computer vision, due to the various writing styles and complex layouts inherent in handwritten texts. Traditionally, this problem has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Mohammed Hamdan , Abderrahmane Rahiche , Mohamed Cheriet

We demonstrate that an attention-based encoder-decoder model can be used for sentence-level grammatical error identification for the Automated Evaluation of Scientific Writing (AESW) Shared Task 2016. The attention-based encoder-decoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Allen Schmaltz , Yoon Kim , Alexander M. Rush , Stuart M. Shieber