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In this paper, the tropical Nevanlinna theory is extended for piecewise polynomial continuous functions. By constructing the $n$-th Poisson-Jensen formula, the $n$-th tropical counting, proximity, and characteristic functions are…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Risto Korhonen , Chengliang Tan

We use techniques from (tracial noncommutative) polynomial optimization to formulate hierarchies of semidefinite programming lower bounds on matrix factorization ranks. In particular, we consider the nonnegative rank, the positive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Sander Gribling , David de Laat , Monique Laurent

The purpose of this paper is fourfold. The first is to develop the theory of tropical differential algebraic geometry from scratch; the second is to present the tropical fundamental theorem for differential algebraic geometry, and show how…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Ethan Cotterill , Cristhian Garay , Johana Luviano

We consider multidimensional optimization problems, which are formulated and solved in terms of tropical mathematics. The problems are to minimize (maximize) a linear or nonlinear function defined on vectors over an idempotent semifield,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 N. Krivulin

We study permutability properties of matrix semigroups over commutative bipotent semirings (of which the best-known example is the tropical semiring). We prove that every such semigroup is weakly permutable (a result previous stated in the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Thomas Aird , Mark Kambites

Though algebraic geometry over $\mathbb C$ is often used to describe the closure of the tensors of a given size and complex rank, this variety includes tensors of both smaller and larger rank. Here we focus on the $n\times n\times n$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-11-16 Elizabeth S. Allman , Peter D. Jarvis , John A. Rhodes , Jeremy G. Sumner

Hyperfields and systems are two algebraic frameworks which have been developed to provide a unified approach to classical and tropical structures. All hyperfields, and more generally hyperrings, can be represented by systems. Conversely, we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Marianne Akian , Stephane Gaubert , Louis Rowen

This is a survey on an analogue of tropical convexity developed over the max-min semiring, starting with the descriptions of max-min segments, semispaces, hyperplanes and an account of separation and non-separation results based on…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Viorel Nitica , Sergei Sergeev

We study semigroup varieties generated by full and upper triangular tropical matrix semigroups and the plactic monoid of rank 4. We prove that the upper triangular tropical matrix semigroup $UT_n(\mathbb{T})$ generates a different semigroup…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-03-03 Thomas Aird

Matrix sensing has many real-world applications in science and engineering, such as system control, distance embedding, and computer vision. The goal of matrix sensing is to recover a matrix $A_\star \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$, based on a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Ruizhe Zhang

It is well-known that tensor decompositions show separations, that is, that constraints on local terms (such as positivity) may entail an arbitrarily high cost in their representation. Here we show that many of these separations disappear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Gemma De las Cuevas , Andreas Klingler , Tim Netzer

We construct a general framework for tropical differential equations based on idempotent semirings and an idempotent version of differential algebra. Over a differential ring equipped with a non-archimedean norm enhanced with additional…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-06-02 Jeffrey Giansiracusa , Stefano Mereta

The tropical Nevanlinna theory is Nevanlinna theory for tropical functions or maps over the max-plux semiring by using the approach of complex analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to study the second main theorem with tropical…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Tingbin Cao , Jianhua Zheng

The Rank Minimization Problem asks to find a matrix of lowest rank inside a linear variety of the space of n x n matrices. The Low Rank Matrix Completion problem asks to complete a partially filled matrix such that the resulting matrix has…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Harm Derksen

We prove a tropical analogue of Cartan's second main theorem for holomorphic curves intersecting hyperplanes in general position--a setting that was not fully resolved by previous tropical Nevanlinna theory. Two versions are obtained. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Yuting Wang , Tingbin Cao

Similar to topological spaces, we introduce the Cantor-Bendixson rank of a tree $T$ by repeatedly removing the leaves and the isolated vertices of $T$ using transfinite recursion. Then, we give a representation of a tree $T$ as a leafless…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-12 Davoud Abdi

Inspired by numerical homotopy methods we propose a combinatorial homotopy algorithm for finding all isolated solutions to a tropical polynomial systems of n tropical polynomials in n variables. In particular, a tropicalisation of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Anders Nedergaard Jensen

The paper gives a complete description of the subgroups of the semigroup of tropical n-by-n matrices up to an isomorphism. In particular, we show that every of these groups has a torsion-free abelian subgroup of index at most n!, proving…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-08 Yaroslav Shitov

The article concerns low-rank approximation of matrices generated by sampling a smooth function of two $m$-dimensional variables. We identify several misconceptions surrounding a claim that, for a specific class of analytic functions, such…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Stanislav Budzinskiy

We study tropical commuting matrices from two viewpoints: linear algebra and algebraic geometry. In classical linear algebra, there exist various criteria to test whether two square matrices commute. We ask for similar criteria in the realm…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Ralph Morrison , Ngoc M. Tran