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Electro-optic modulators are utilized ubiquitously ranging from applications in data communication to photonic neural networks. While tremendous progress has been made over the years, efficient phase-shifting modulators are challenged with…
Here we discuss the physics of electro-optic modulators deploying 2D materials. We include a scaling laws analysis showing how energy-efficiency and speed change for three underlying cavity systems as a function of critical device length…
Electro-optic modulation performs a technological relevant functionality such as for communication, beam steering, or neuromorphic computing through providing the nonlinear activation function of a perceptron. Wile Silicon photonics enabled…
Vanadium dioxide (${\rm VO}_2$) is a phase change material (PCM) that exhibits a large change in complex refractive index on the order of unity upon switching from its dielectric to its metallic phase. Although this property is key for the…
We investigate plasmonic modulators with a gain material to be implemented as ultra-compact and ultra-fast active nanodevices in photonic integrated circuits. We analyze metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) waveguides with InGaAsP-based active…
Recent experiments showed that unity-order index change in a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) can be achieved in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure by accumulation charge. However, the ultrathin (~5nm) accumulation layer and…
Electro-optic modulation is a technology-relevant function for signal keying, beam steering, or neuromorphic computing through providing the nonlinear activation function of a perceptron. With silicon-based modulators being bulky and…
The 2-{\mu}m waveband, emerging as a highly promising candidate for optical communication, offers an extended wavelength window for high-speed optical transmission. Despite its potential, the development of integrated electro-optic (E/O)…
Electro-optic signal modulation provides a key functionality in modern technology and information networks. Photonic integration has enabled not only miniaturizing photonic components, but also provided performance improvements due to…
Incorporating time-varying elements into electromagnetic systems has shown to be a powerful approach to challenge well-established performance limits, for example bounds on absorption and impedance matching. So far, the majority of these…
One of the technical barriers impeding the wide applications of integrated photonic circuits is the lack of ultracompact, high speed, broadband electro-optical (EO) modulators, which up-convert electronic signals into high bit-rate photonic…
Subwavelength modulators play an indispensable role in integrated photonic-electronic circuits. Due to weak light-matter interactions, it is always a challenge to develop a modulator with a nanometer scale footprint, low switching energy,…
We propose several planar layouts of ultra-compact plasmonic waveguide modulators that utilize alternative CMOS-compatible materials. The modulation is efficiently achieved by tuning the carrier concentration in a transparent conducting…
Silicon-organic hybrid integrated devices have emerging applications ranging from high-speed optical interconnects to photonic electromagnetic-field sensors. Silicon slot photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) filled with electro-optic (EO)…
Electrooptic modulation performs the conversion between the electrical and optical domain with applications in data communication for optical interconnects, but also for novel optical compute algorithms such as providing nonlinearity at the…
Electro-optical modulators are essential components in optical communication systems. They encode an electrical waveform onto an optical carrier. However, their performance is often limited by inherent electro-optic processes and…
In this paper, three different materials Si, ITO and graphene; and three different types of mode structures bulk, slot and hybrid; based on their electrooptical and electro absorptive aspects in performance are analyzed. The study focuses…
Physical challenges at the device and interconnect level limit both network and computing energy efficiency. While photonics is being considered to address interconnect bottlenecks, optical routing is still limited by electronic circuitry,…
We design and demonstrate a compact, low-power, low-dispersion and broadband optical modulator based on electro-optic (EO) polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The EO polymer is engineered for large EO activity…
Electro-optic signal modulation provides a key functionality in modern technology and information networks. Photonic integration has enabled not only miniaturizing photonic components, but also provided performance improvements due to…