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Recently, it has been shown that a quantum system held in spatial superposition and then eventually recombined does experience decoherence from black hole horizons, at a level increasing linearly with the time the superposition has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-29 Max Joseph Fahn , Alessandro Pesci

The event horizon of a black hole is arguably the most dramatic manifestation of the fact that in General Relativity, causal structure is dynamical and spacetimes can be separated into distinct regions by causal boundaries. Causal set…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-11 Astrid Eichhorn , Pedro Gamito , Nawder Stokes

We present an overall picture of the advances in the description of black hole physics from the perspective of loop quantum gravity. After an introduction that discusses the main conceptual issues we present some details about the classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-01-14 J. Fernando Barbero G. , Alejandro Perez

There appears to be a duality between elementary particles, which span the mass range below the Planck scale, and black holes, which span the mass range range above it. In particular, the Black Hole Uncertainty Principle Correspondence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-28 B. J. Carr

In 4-dimensional General Relativity, there are several theorems restricting the topology of the event horizon of a black hole. In the stationary case, black holes must have a spherical horizon, while a toroidal spatial topology is allowed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-09 Cosimo Bambi , Leonardo Modesto

For a unitary description of an evaporating black hole, one usually chooses the time slices that cover only outside of the event horizon, which is mostly problem-free because the event horizon is not encountered. However, is there any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-24 Wei-Chen Lin , Dong-han Yeom , Dejan Stojkovic

Black holes are extreme manifestations of general relativity, so one might hope that exotic quantum effects would be amplified in their vicinities, perhaps providing clues to quantum gravity. The commonly accepted treatment of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Adam D. Helfer

We present a quantum theory of black hole (and other) horizons, in which the standard assumptions of complementarity are preserved without contradicting information theoretic considerations. After the scrambling time, the quantum mechanical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-13 Yasunori Nomura , Jaime Varela , Sean J. Weinberg

The physical process version of the first law for black holes states that the passage of energy and angular momentum through the horizon results in a change in area $\frac{\kappa}{8 \pi} \Delta A = \Delta E - \Omega \Delta J$, so long as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Aaron J. Amsel , Donald Marolf , Amitabh Virmani

We undertake a first-principles analysis of the thermodynamics of a small body near a black hole horizon. In particular, we study the paradigmatic system of a quantum ideal gas in a small box hovering over the Schwarzschild horizon. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-17 Eirini Sourtzinou , Charis Anastopoulos

Recent results show that important singularities in General Relativity can be naturally described in terms of finite and invariant canonical geometric objects. Consequently, one can write field equations which are equivalent to Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-06 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

Trapped regions bounded by horizons are the defining features of black holes. However, formation of a singularity-free apparent horizon in finite time of a distant observer is consistent only with special states of geometry and matter in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Daniel R. Terno

Modeling the event horizon of a black hole by a fuzzy sphere it is shown that in the classical limit, for large astrophysical black-holes, the event horizon looks locally like a non-commutative plane with non-commutative parameter dictated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Brian P. Dolan

The Cosmic Blackbody Background Radiation pervades the entire Universe, and so falls into every astrophysical black hole. The blueshift of the infalling photons, measured by a static observer, is infinite at the event horizon. This raises a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-12-16 Maciek Wielgus , George F. R. Ellis , Frederic H. Vincent , Marek A. Abramowicz

Quantum considerations have led many theorists to believe that classical black hole physics is modified not just deep inside black holes but at {\it horizon scales}, or even further outward. The near-horizon regime has just begun to be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-14 Steven B. Giddings

Quantum fluctuations in the background geometry of a black hole are shown to affect the propagation of matter states falling into the black hole in a foliation that corresponds to observations purely outside the horizon. A state that starts…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Gilad Lifschytz , Miguel E. Ortiz

Geodesic completeness needs existence near the horizon of the black hole of "white hole" geodesics coming from the region inside of the horizon. Here we give the classification of all such geodesics with the energies $E/m \le 1$ for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-10 A. A. Grib , Yu. V. Pavlov

In LQG, black hole horizons are described by 2+1 dimensional boundaries of a bulk 3+1 dimensional spacetime. The horizon is endowed with area by lines of gravitational flux which pierce the surface. As is well known, counting of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-17 Deepak Vaid

Black holes in general relativity are characterized by their trapping horizon, a one-way membrane that can be crossed only inwards. The existence of trapping horizons in astrophysical black holes can be tested observationally using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-27 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Pawan Kumar , Wenbin Lu

Classical general relativity predicts that a contracting, spherically symmetric matter system with a large-enough mass will result in the formation of a trapped region whose outer boundary is an apparent horizon where the gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-01 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved , Hagar Meir