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We prove performance guarantees of two algorithms for approximating $Q^\star$ in batch reinforcement learning. Compared to classical iterative methods such as Fitted Q-Iteration---whose performance loss incurs quadratic dependence on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Tengyang Xie , Nan Jiang

In this work, we study the problem of finding robust and safe policies in Robust Constrained Average-Cost Markov Decision Processes (RCMDPs). A key challenge in this setting is the lack of strong duality, which prevents the direct use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Anirudh Satheesh , Sooraj Sathish , Swetha Ganesh , Keenan Powell , Vaneet Aggarwal

We present a distributional approach to theoretical analyses of reinforcement learning algorithms for constant step-sizes. We demonstrate its effectiveness by presenting simple and unified proofs of convergence for a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Philip Amortila , Doina Precup , Prakash Panangaden , Marc G. Bellemare

Most value-based and actor--critic reinforcement learning methods rely on Bellman-style recursions, yet these recursions collapse under non-exponential discounting common in human preferences and survival processes. We show the breakdown is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hojin Ko , Jeonggyu Huh

Several well-known algorithms in the field of combinatorial optimization can be interpreted in terms of the primal-dual method for solving linear programs. For example, Dijkstra's algorithm, the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm, and the Hungarian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Randy Cogill

This work studies distributed primal-dual strategies for adaptation and learning over networks from streaming data. Two first-order methods are considered based on the Arrow-Hurwicz (AH) and augmented Lagrangian (AL) techniques. Several…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Zaid J. Towfic , Ali H. Sayed

We consider infinite horizon dynamic programming problems, where the control at each stage consists of several distinct decisions, each one made by one of several agents. In an earlier work we introduced a policy iteration algorithm, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Dimitri Bertsekas

In order to obviate the requirement of drift dynamics in adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), integral reinforcement learning (IRL) has been proposed as an alternate formulation of Bellman equation.However control coupling dynamics is still…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-11 Amardeep Mishra , Satadal Ghosh

Being able to seamlessly generalize across different tasks is fundamental for robots to act in our world. However, learning representations that generalize quickly to new scenarios is still an open research problem in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Sarah Bechtle , Ludovic Righetti , Franziska Meier

Achieving fast and stable off-policy learning in deep reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging. Most existing methods rely on semi-gradient temporal-difference (TD) methods for their simplicity and efficiency, but are consequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Esraa Elelimy , Brett Daley , Andrew Patterson , Marlos C. Machado , Adam White , Martha White

We consider the problem of reinforcement learning using function approximation, where the approximating basis can change dynamically while interacting with the environment. A motivation for such an approach is maximizing the value function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-05-04 Dotan Di Castro , Shie Mannor

Approximation of the value functions in value-based deep reinforcement learning induces overestimation bias, resulting in suboptimal policies. We show that when the reinforcement signals received by the agents have a high variance, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Baturay Saglam , Furkan Burak Mutlu , Dogan Can Cicek , Suleyman Serdar Kozat

Most of the policy evaluation algorithms are based on the theories of Bellman Expectation and Optimality Equation, which derive two popular approaches - Policy Iteration (PI) and Value Iteration (VI). However, multi-step bootstrapping is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yuhui Wang , Qingyuan Wu , Pengcheng He , Xiaoyang Tan

Regularization is a critical component in deep learning. The most commonly used approach, weight decay, applies a constant penalty coefficient uniformly across all parameters. This may be overly restrictive for some parameters, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jörg K. H. Franke , Michael Hefenbrock , Gregor Koehler , Frank Hutter

Two standard models for probabilistic systems are Markov chains (MCs) and Markov decision processes (MDPs). Classic objectives for such probabilistic models for control and planning problems are reachability and stochastic shortest path.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Mahdi JafariRaviz , Raimundo Saona , Jakub Svoboda

Information relaxation and duality in Markov decision processes have been studied recently by several researchers with the goal to derive dual bounds on the value function. In this paper we extend this dual formulation to controlled Markov…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-23 Fan Ye , Enlu Zhou

This paper develops a policy learning method for tuning a pre-trained policy to adapt to additional tasks without altering the original task. A method named Adaptive Policy Gradient (APG) is proposed in this paper, which combines Bellman's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Wenjian Hao , Zehui Lu , Zihao Liang , Tianyu Zhou , Shaoshuai Mou

Natural policy gradient methods are popular reinforcement learning methods that improve the stability of policy gradient methods by utilizing second-order approximations to precondition the gradient with the inverse of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Brennan Gebotys , Alexander Wong , David A. Clausi

Online reinforcement learning (RL) with complex function approximations such as transformers and deep neural networks plays a significant role in the modern practice of artificial intelligence. Despite its popularity and importance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Tong Yang , Bo Dai , Lin Xiao , Yuejie Chi

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been demonstrated on a range of challenging decision making and control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from two major challenges: very high sample complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Tuomas Haarnoja , Aurick Zhou , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine