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"Theorem proving is similar to the game of Go. So, we can probably improve our provers using deep learning, like DeepMind built the super-human computer Go program, AlphaGo." Such optimism has been observed among participants of AITP2017.…

Given recent successes in AI (e.g., AlphaGo's victory against Lee Sedol in the game of GO), it's become increasingly important to assess: how close are AI systems to human-level intelligence? This paper describes the Allen AI Science…

This paper investigates whether shallow neural network agents can master the card game Schnapsen and challenge a strong search-based baseline, RdeepBot, which uses Monte Carlo sampling and lookahead search. Guided by a progressively more…

Understanding how knowledge about the world is represented within model-free deep reinforcement learning methods is a major challenge given the black box nature of its learning process within high-dimensional observation and action spaces.…

In recent years, trust region on-policy reinforcement learning has achieved impressive results in addressing complex control tasks and gaming scenarios. However, contemporary state-of-the-art algorithms within this category primarily…

Playing two-player games using reinforcement learning and self-play can be challenging due to the complexity of two-player environments and the possible instability in the training process. We propose that a reinforcement learning algorithm…

Poker is a large complex game of imperfect information, which has been singled out as a major AI challenge problem. Recently there has been a series of breakthroughs culminating in agents that have successfully defeated the strongest human…

Morpion Solitaire is a popular single player game, performed with paper and pencil. Due to its large state space (on the order of the game of Go) traditional search algorithms, such as MCTS, have not been able to find good solutions. A…

In the past few years, deep reinforcement learning has been proven to solve problems which have complex states like video games or board games. The next step of intelligent agents would be able to generalize between tasks, and using prior…

Despite significant advances in the field of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL), today's algorithms still fail to learn human-level policies consistently over a set of diverse tasks such as Atari 2600 games. We identify three key challenges…

Regret minimization is a general approach to online optimization which plays a crucial role in many algorithms for approximating Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. The literature mainly focuses on solving individual games in…

Many important real-world problems have action spaces that are high-dimensional, continuous or both, making full enumeration of all possible actions infeasible. Instead, only small subsets of actions can be sampled for the purpose of policy…

In the realm of artificial intelligence and card games, this study introduces a two-step reinforcement learning (RL) strategy tailored for "The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game (LOTRCG)," a complex multistage strategy card game. This…

There has been a recent explosion in the capabilities of game-playing artificial intelligence. Many classes of tasks, from video games to motor control to board games, are now solvable by fairly generic algorithms, based on deep learning…

The task of building general agents that perform well over a wide range of tasks has been an important goal in reinforcement learning since its inception. The problem has been subject of research of a large body of work, with performance…

With the breakthrough of AlphaGo, deep reinforcement learning becomes a recognized technique for solving sequential decision-making problems. Despite its reputation, data inefficiency caused by its trial and error learning mechanism makes…

The training and running of an online Go system require the support of effective data management systems to deal with vast data, such as the initial Go game records, the feature data set obtained by representation learning, the experience…

Bridge is among the zero-sum games for which artificial intelligence has not yet outperformed expert human players. The main difficulty lies in the bidding phase of bridge, which requires cooperative decision making under partial…

In strategy games, one of the most important aspects of game design is maintaining a sense of challenge for players. Many mobile titles feature quick gameplay loops that allow players to progress steadily, requiring an abundance of levels…

Tic Tac Toe is amongst the most well-known games. It has already been shown that it is a biased game, giving more chances to win for the first player leaving only a draw or a loss as possibilities for the opponent, assuming both the players…