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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely used in deep learning due to its computational efficiency, but a complete understanding of why SGD performs so well remains a major challenge. It has been observed empirically that most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Carmina Fjellström , Kaj Nyström

We introduce a general method for transforming the equations of motion following from a Das-Jevicki-Sakita Hamiltonian, with boundary conditions, into a boundary value problem in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. For the particular case of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 L. D. Paniak

The sub-Gaussian stable distribution is a heavy-tailed elliptically contoured law which has interesting applications in signal processing and financial mathematics. This work addresses the problem of feasible estimation of distributions. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-04 Taras Bodnar , Dmitry Otryakhin , Erik Thorsen

Multidimensional potential energy landscapes (PELs) have a Gaussian distribution for the energies of the minima, but at the same time the distribution of the hyperareas for the basins of attraction surrounding the minima follows a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-06-22 Claire P. Massen , Jonathan P. K. Doye , Rupert W. Nash

Eigenvalue analysis is a well-established tool for stability analysis of dynamical systems. However, there are situations where eigenvalues miss some important features of physical models. For example, in models of incompressible fluid…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-23 Howard C. Elman , David J. Silvester

Finding the mean of the total number of stationary points for N-dimensional random Gaussian landscapes can be reduced to averaging the absolute value of characteristic polynomial of the corresponding Hessian. First such a reduction is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Yan V Fyodorov

We propose a general framework to study the stability of the subspace spanned by $P$ consecutive eigenvectors of a generic symmetric matrix ${\bf H}_0$, when a small perturbation is added. This problem is relevant in various contexts,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-23 Romain Allez , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

We introduce a new random matrix model called distance covariance matrix in this paper, whose normalized trace is equivalent to the distance covariance. We first derive a deterministic limit for the eigenvalue distribution of the distance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Weiming Li , Qinwen Wang , Jianfeng Yao

Recent empirical and theoretical work has shown that the dynamics of the large eigenvalues of the training loss Hessian have some remarkably robust features across models and datasets in the full batch regime. There is often an early period…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Atish Agarwala , Jeffrey Pennington

Tensor-valued and matrix-valued measurements of different physical properties are increasingly available in material sciences and medical imaging applications. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of such multivariate data provide novel and…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-24 Dario Gasbarra , Sinisa Pajevic , Peter J. Basser

As in random matrix theories, eigenvector/value distributions are important quantities of random tensors in their applications. Recently, real eigenvector/value distributions of Gaussian random tensors have been explicitly computed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-15 Naoki Sasakura

We compute the distribution of minima that are reached dynamically on multi-field axionic landscapes, both numerically and analytically. Such landscapes are well suited for inflationary model building due to the presence of shift symmetries…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-19 Gaoyuan Wang , Thorsten Battefeld

Here we present a multiscale method to calculate the saddle point associated with the effective dynamics arising from a stochastic system which couples slow deterministic drift and fast stochastic dynamics. This problem is motivated by the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-25 Shuting Gu , Xiang Zhou

We extend classical time-frequency limiting analysis, historically applied to one-dimensional finite signals, to the multidimensional discrete setting. This extension is relevant for images, videos, and other multidimensional signals, as it…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Luis Gomez , Jonathan Jaimangal , Azita Mayeli , Tasfia Proma

Rugged energy landscapes find wide applications in diverse fields ranging from astrophysics to protein folding. We study the dependence of diffusion coefficient $(D)$ of a Brownian particle on the distribution width $(\varepsilon)$ of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2014-09-17 Saikat Banerjee , Rajib Biswas , Kazuhiko Seki , Biman Bagchi

We look at the eigenvalues of the Hessian of a loss function before and after training. The eigenvalue distribution is seen to be composed of two parts, the bulk which is concentrated around zero, and the edges which are scattered away from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-06 Levent Sagun , Leon Bottou , Yann LeCun

Skewness and non-Gaussian behavior are essential features of the distribution of short-scale velocity increments in isotropic turbulent flows. Yet, although the skewness has been generally linked to time-reversal symmetry breaking and…

The distribution of the ratios of consecutive eigenvalue spacings of random matrices has emerged as an important tool to study spectral properties of many-body systems. This article numerically investigates the eigenvalue ratios…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-07-13 Ankit Mishra , Tanu Raghav , Sarika Jalan

We consider $N\times N$ Hermitian or symmetric random matrices with independent entries. The distribution of the $(i,j)$-th matrix element is given by a probability measure $\nu_{ij}$ whose first two moments coincide with those of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-16 Antti Knowles , Jun Yin

Critical points of a scalar quantitiy are either extremal points or saddle points. The character of the critical points is determined by the sign distribution of the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. For a two-dimensional homogeneous and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Vogel , W. Mohring