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Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Space Division Multiplexing (SMD) is a very attractive technique for addressing the ever-growing demands in transmission capacity by enabling the use of a new parameter \textemdash\ space \textemdash\ to increase the number of channels in…

A spatial modulation-aided orthogonal time frequency space (SM-OTFS) scheme is proposed for high-Doppler scenarios, which relies on a low-complexity distance-based detection algorithm. We first derive the delay-Doppler (DD) domain…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zeping Sui , Hongming Zhang , Yu Xin , Tong Bao , Lie-Liang Yang , Lajos Hanzo

We consider the problem of spatial channel covariance matrix (CCM) estimation for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems. Spatial CCM is essential for two-timescale beamforming in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-19 Hongwei Wang , Jun Fang , Huiping Duan , Hongbin Li

The explosive growth of global data traffic demands scalable and energy-efficient optical communication systems. Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) using multicore or multimode fibers is a promising solution to overcome the capacity limit…

The performance of a multiuser communication system with single-antenna transmitting terminals and a multi-antenna base-station receiver is analytically investigated. The system operates under independent and non-identically distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Nikolaos I. Miridakis , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis , Corbett Rowell

The digital Subscriber Line (DSL) remains an important component of heterogeneous networking, especially in historic city-centers, where using optical fibre is less realistic. Recently, the power consumption has become an important…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-02 Jiankang Zhang , Chao Xu , Tong Bai , Fasong Wang , Shida Zhong

In this letter, we propose an energy-efficient split learning (SL) framework for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using geo-distributed personal data at the network edge, where LLMs are split and alternately across massive mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zuguang Li , Shaohua Wu , Liang Li , Songge Zhang

A novel space-time parallel index modulation scheme is proposed in this paper for conveying extra digital information with the aid of space and time indices. In this proposed scheme, time-indexing is cleverly performed in parallel spatial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Taissir Y. Elganimi , Khaled M. Rabie

Dual-function radar-communications (DFRC) systems implement radar and communication functionalities on a single platform. Jointly designing these subsystems can lead to substantial gains in performance as well as size, cost, and power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-01 Dingyou Ma , Nir Shlezinger , Tianyao Huang , Yariv Shavit , Moshe Namer , Yimin Liu , Yonina C. Eldar

In this letter, we study the reference signal-aided channel estimation concept which is a crucial requirement to address the realistic performance of spatial media-based modulation (SMBM) systems where the radio frequency mirrors are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Akif Kabacı , Mehmet Başaran , Hakan Ali Çırpan

In this paper, we propose a tri-domain reconfigurable multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system that integrates the electromagnetic (EM) reconfigurable antenna (EMRA) with the spatially movable antenna (SMA),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Yining Li , Ziwei Wan , Zhen Gao , Keke Ying , Lipeng Zhu , Rui Zhang

MIMO spatial multiplexing is an essential feature to increase the communication data rates in current and future cellular systems. Currently, the ns-3 lte module leverages an abstraction model for 2x2 MIMO with spatial multiplexing of two…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Biljana Bojovic , Zoraze Ali , Sandra Lagen

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

In this paper, we investigate the low-complexity distributed combining scheme design for near-field cell-free extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (CF XL-MIMO) systems. Firstly, we construct the uplink spectral efficiency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Bokai Xu , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han

The dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system is an attractive technique, since it can support both wireless communications and radar by a unified hardware platform with real-time cooperation. Considering the appealing feature of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-21 Yu Cao , QiYue Yu

The stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), comprising multiple layers of reconfigurable transmissive metasurfaces, is becoming an increasingly viable solution for future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we explore the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Bo Ai , Chau Yuen

Differential spatial modulation (DSM) exploits the time dimension to facilitate the differential modulation, which can perfectly avoid the challenge in acquiring of heavily entangled channel state information of visible light communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-11 Zichun Shi , Pu Miao , Peng Chen , Lei Xue , Li-Yang Zheng , Laiyuan Wang , Gaojie Chen

Propagation of an ultrashort pulse of light through strongly scattering media generates an intricate spatio-spectral speckle that can be described by means of the multi-spectral transmission matrix (MSTM). In conjunction with a spatial…

The complementary fusion of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and image data is a promising but challenging task for generating high-precision and high-density point clouds. This study proposes an innovative LiDAR-guided stereo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Yongjun Zhang , Siyuan Zou , Xinyi Liu , Xu Huang , Yi Wan , Yongxiang Yao