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Gaussian Processes (GPs) are flexible, nonparametric Bayesian models widely used for regression and classification because of their ability to capture complex data patterns and quantify predictive uncertainty. However, the O(n^3)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hua Huang , Tianshi Xu , Yuanzhe Xi , Edmond Chow

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a powerful tool for probabilistic inference over functions. They have been applied to both regression and non-linear dimensionality reduction, and offer desirable properties such as uncertainty estimates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-01 Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk , Carl E. Rasmussen

The use of Gaussian processes (GPs) is supported by efficient sampling algorithms, a rich methodological literature, and strong theoretical grounding. However, due to their prohibitive computation and storage demands, the use of exact GPs…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Kelly R. Moran , Matthew W. Wheeler

Gaussian stochastic process (GaSP) has been widely used in two fundamental problems in uncertainty quantification, namely the emulation and calibration of mathematical models. Some objective priors, such as the reference prior, are studied…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-11 Mengyang Gu

This paper describes an expectation propagation (EP) method for multi-class classification with Gaussian processes that scales well to very large datasets. In such a method the estimate of the log-marginal-likelihood involves a sum across…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-23 Carlos Villacampa-Calvo , Daniel Hernández-Lobato

Standard Gaussian Process (GP) regression, a powerful machine learning tool, is computationally expensive when it is applied to large datasets, and potentially inaccurate when data points are sparsely distributed in a high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Z. Zhang , K. Duraisamy , N. A. Gumerov

Model calibration or data inversion is one of fundamental tasks in uncertainty quantification. In this work, we study the theoretical properties of the scaled Gaussian stochastic process (S-GaSP), to model the discrepancy between reality…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Mengyang Gu , Fangzheng Xie , Long Wang

High-dimensional classification and feature selection tasks are ubiquitous with the recent advancement in data acquisition technology. In several application areas such as biology, genomics and proteomics, the data are often functional in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-30 W Yu , S Wade , H D Bondell , L Azizi

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-27 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GPs) play an essential role in biostatistics, scientific machine learning, and Bayesian optimization for their ability to provide probabilistic predictions and model uncertainty. However, GP inference struggles to scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Pratik Rathore , Zachary Frangella , Sachin Garg , Shaghayegh Fazliani , Michał Dereziński , Madeleine Udell

Multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) leverage the flexibility and interpretability of GPs while capturing structure across outputs, which is desirable, for example, in spatio-temporal modelling. The key problem with MOGPs is their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-20 Wessel P. Bruinsma , Eric Perim , Will Tebbutt , J. Scott Hosking , Arno Solin , Richard E. Turner

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a powerful non-parametric framework for reasoning over functions. Despite appealing theory, its superlinear computational and memory complexities have presented a long-standing challenge. State-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-16 Hugh Salimbeni , Ching-An Cheng , Byron Boots , Marc Deisenroth

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a popular class of Bayesian nonparametric models, but its training can be computationally burdensome for massive training datasets. While there has been notable work on scaling up these models for big data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-16 Kevin Li , Simon Mak

Astronomical measurements are often integrated over finite exposures, which can obscure latent variability on comparable timescales. Correctly accounting for exposure integration with Gaussian Processes (GPs) in such scenarios is essential…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Ryan A. Rubenzahl , Soichiro Hattori , Simo Särkkä , Will M. Farr , Jacob K. Luhn , Megan Bedell , Daniel Foreman-Mackey

The application of Gaussian processes (GPs) to large data sets is limited due to heavy memory and computational requirements. A variety of methods has been proposed to enable scalability, one of which is to exploit structure in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Jan Graßhoff , Alexandra Jankowski , Philipp Rostalski

Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a non-parametric Bayesian technique for interpolating or fitting data. The main barrier to further uptake of this powerful tool rests in the computational costs associated with the matrices which arise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-16 Christopher J. Moore , Alvin J. K. Chua , Christopher P. L. Berry , Jonathan R. Gair

Gaussian processes are a powerful framework for quantifying uncertainty and for sequential decision-making but are limited by the requirement of solving linear systems. In general, this has a cubic cost in dataset size and is sensitive to…

We develop an automated variational method for inference in models with Gaussian process (GP) priors and general likelihoods. The method supports multiple outputs and multiple latent functions and does not require detailed knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Edwin V. Bonilla , Karl Krauth , Amir Dezfouli

We introduce a stochastic variational inference procedure for training scalable Gaussian process (GP) models whose per-iteration complexity is independent of both the number of training points, $n$, and the number basis functions used in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-05 Trefor W. Evans , Prasanth B. Nair