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We compile from literature the broadband SEDs of twelve TeV blazars observed simultaneously or quasi-simultaneously with Fermi/LAT and other instruments. Two SEDs are available for each of the objects and the state is identified as a low or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Jin Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , En-Wei Liang

There is growing evidence that the estimations of the beaming Doppler factor in TeV BL Lac object based on the Self Synchrotron Compton (SSC) models are in strong disagreement with those deduced from the unification models between blazars…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gilles Henri , Ludovic Sauge

BL Lac objects can be extreme in two ways: with their synchrotron emission, peaking beyond 1 keV in their spectral energy distribution, or with their gamma-ray emission, peaking at multi-TeV energies up to and beyond 10-20 TeV, like 1ES…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Luigi Costamante

Using the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we systematically analyze the quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength (MWL) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Mrk 421 and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-28 Xiao-Chun Deng , Wen Hu , Fang-Wu Lu , Ben-Zhong Dai

We consider the constraints on the physical parameters of a homogeneous SSC model that can be derived from the spectral shape and variability of TeV blazars. Assuming that the relativistic electron spectrum is a broken power law, where the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 F. Tavecchio , L. Maraschi , G. Ghisellini

We compile a sample of spectral energy distribution (SED) of 12 GeV radio galaxies (RGs), including eight FR I RGs and four FR II RGs. These SEDs can be represented with the one-zone leptonic model. No significant unification as expected in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-20 Zi-Wei Xue , Jin Zhang , Wei Cui , En-Wei Liang , Shuang-Nan Zhang

We test one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models with high-quality multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) data of Mrk 421. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to fit twelve day-scale SEDs of Mrk 421 with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-21 Qianqian Zhu , Dahai Yan , Pengfei Zhang , Qian-Qing Yin , Li Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang

Several high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects such as Mrk 501 are strong TeV emitters. However, a significant fraction of the TeV gamma rays emitted are likely to be absorbed in interactions with the diffuse IR background, yielding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Z. G. Dai , B. Zhang , L. J. Gou , P. Meszaros , E. Waxman

The spectra of BL Lac objects and Fanaroff-Riley I radio galaxies are commonly explained by the one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. Spectral modeling of correlated multiwavelength data gives the comoving magnetic field…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-03-27 Kohta Murase , Charles D. Dermer , Hajime Takami , Giulia Migliori

In this paper we investigate the properties of a sample of six BL Lacs by fitting their spectra using our inhomogeneous jet model with an accelerating, magnetically dominated, parabolic base, which transitions to a slowly decelerating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 William J. Potter , Garret Cotter

The detections of X-ray emission from the kiloparsec-scale jets of blazars and radio galaxies may imply the existence of high energy electrons in these extended jets, and these electrons could produce high energy emission through inverse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Dahai Yan , Houdun Zeng , Li Zhang

We fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a GeV-TeV FSRQ sample with the leptonic model. Their gamma_min of the relativistic electron distributions, which significantly affect the estimates of the jet properties, are constrained,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-04-29 Jin Zhang , Xiao-Na Sun , En-Wei Liang , Rui-Jing Lu , Ye Lu , Shuang-Nan Zhang

Context: The blazar Markarian 421 is one of the brightest TeV gamma-ray sources of the northern sky. From December 2007 until June 2008 it was intensively observed in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) band by the single-dish Major…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Aleksic , E. A. Alvarez , L. A. Antonelli , P. Antoranz , M. Asensio , M. Backes , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra Gonzalez , W. Bednarek , A. Berdyugin , K. Berger , E. Bernardini , A. Biland , O. Blanch , R. K. Bock , A. Boller , G. Bonnoli , D. Borla Tridon , I. Braun , T. Bretz , A. Canellas , E. Carmona , A. Carosi , P. Colin , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , L. Cossio , S. Covino , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , G. De Caneva , E. De Cea del Pozo , B. De Lotto , C. Delgado Mendez , A. Diago Ortega , M. Doert , A. Dominguez , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , D. Ferenc , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , C. Fruck , R. J. Garcia Lopez , M. Garczarczyk , D. Garrido , G. Giavitto , N. Godinovic , D. Hadasch , D. Häfner , A. Herrero , D. Hildebrand , D. Höhne-Mönch , J. Hose , D. Hrupec , B. Huber , T. Jogler , H. Kellermann , S. Klepser , T. Krahenbuh , J. Krause , A. La Barbera , D. Lelas , E. Leonardo , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , A. Lopez , M. Lopez , E. Lorenz , M. Makariev , G. Maneva , N. Mankuzhiyil , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martinez , D. Mazin , M. Meucci , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , H. Miyamoto , J. Moldon , A. Moralejo , P. Munar-Adrover , D. Nieto , K. Nilsson , R. Orito , I. Oya , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , S. Pardo , J. M. Paredes , S. Partini , M. Pasanen , F. Pauss , M. A. Perez-Torres , M. Persic , L. Peruzzo , M. Pilia , J. Pochon , F. Prada , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , I. Puljak , I. Reichardt , R. Reinthal , W. Rhode , M. Ribo , J. Rico , S. Rügamer , A. Saggion , K. Saito , T. Y. Saito , M. Salvati , K. Satalecka , V. Scalzotto , V. Scapin , C. Schultz , T. Schweizer , M. Shayduk , S. N. Shore , A. Sillanpaa , J. Sitarek , D. Sobczynska , F. Spanier , S. Spiro , A. Stamerra , B. Steinke , J. Storz , N. Strah , T. Suric , L. Takalo , H. Takami , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzic , D. Tescaro , M. Teshima , O. Tibolla , D. F. Torres , A. Treves , M. Uellenbeck , H. Vankov , P. Vogler , R. M. Wagner , Q. Weitzel , V. Zabalza , F. Zandanel , R. Zanin

The studies and constraints on the emission region are crucial to the blazar radiation mechanism. Yet the previous works mainly focus on individual sources. In this work, we make use of the largest and the latest spectral energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-17 Junhui Fan , Hubing Xiao , Wenxin Yang , Lixia Zhang , Anton A. Strigachev , Rumen S. Bachev , Jianghe Yang

Shocks are promising sites of particle acceleration in extragalactic jets. In electron-ion shocks, electrons can be heated up to large Lorentz factors, making them an attractive scenario to explain the high minimum electron Lorentz factors…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-29 A. Arbet-Engels , A. Bohdan , F. Rieger , D. Paneque , F. Jenko

We investigate the evolution of spectral energy distribution (SED) and underlying electron energy distribution (EED) by modeling the nearly simultaneous broadband spectra of selected bright 4FGL blazars, in the context of a combined cooling…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-04 Muhammad S. Anjum , Shu-Jin Hou , Liang Chen , Zhigang Li , Minfeng Gu

Curved broad-band spectral distributions of non-thermal sources like blazars are described well by a log-parabolic (LP) law where the second degree term measures the curvature. LP energy spectra can be obtained for relativistic electrons by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Massaro , A. Tramacere , M. Perri , P. Giommi , G. Tosti

Extreme synchrotron blazars, characterized by a first peak in their broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at frequencies exceeding $10^{17}$ Hz, often exhibit a second peak beyond 1~TeV. These sources serve as ideal laboratories…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Ji-Shun Lian , Jia-Xuan Li , Ze-Rui Wang , Rui-Qi Huang , Hai-Ming Zhang , Jin Zhang

The majority of the extragalactic sources yet detected at TeV photon energies belong to the class of "high frequency peaked BL Lacs" (HBLs) that exhibit a spectral energy distribution with a lower peak in the X-ray band. Such spectra are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 F. Massaro , A. Paggi , A. Cavaliere

The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of certain BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) exhibit an additional hard $\gamma$-ray component in the TeV energy range that surpasses the predictions of the one-zone leptonic jet model. The origin of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-11 Ji-Shun Lian , Ze-Rui Wang , Jin Zhang