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In this paper, we investigate distributed inference schemes, over binary-valued Markov random fields, which are realized by the belief propagation (BP) algorithm. We first show that a decision variable obtained by the BP algorithm in a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Younes Abdi , Tapani Ristaniemi

Belief propagation (BP) is a message-passing heuristic for statistical inference in graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. BP is used to compute marginal distributions or maximum likelihood assignments and has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-15 Tobias Brunsch , Kamiel Cornelissen , Bodo Manthey , Heiko Röglin

This paper develops methods of distributed Bayesian hypothesis tests for fault detection and diagnosis that are based on belief propagation and optimization in graphical models. The main challenges in developing distributed statistical…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Kwang-Ki K. Kim

The canonical problem of solving a system of linear equations arises in numerous contexts in information theory, communication theory, and related fields. In this contribution, we develop a solution based upon Gaussian belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-04-16 Ori Shental , Paul H. Siegel , Jack K. Wolf , Danny Bickson , Danny Dolev

We consider the problem of maximum likelihood estimation in linear models represented by factor graphs and solved via the Gaussian belief propagation algorithm. Motivated by massive internet of things (IoT) networks and edge computing, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mirsad Cosovic , Dragisa Miskovic , Muhamed Delalic , Darijo Raca , Dejan Vukobratovic

In this article, we present a visual introduction to Gaussian Belief Propagation (GBP), an approximate probabilistic inference algorithm that operates by passing messages between the nodes of arbitrarily structured factor graphs. A special…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Joseph Ortiz , Talfan Evans , Andrew J. Davison

Belief propagation (BP) provides a scalable heuristic for contracting tensor networks on loopy graphs, but its success in quantum many-body settings has largely rested on empirical evidence. Developing upon a recently introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Siddhant Midha , Grace M. Sommers , Joseph Tindall , Dmitry A. Abanin

Belief Propagation (BP) is a widely used approximation for exact probabilistic inference in graphical models, such as Markov Random Fields (MRFs). In graphs with cycles, however, no exact convergence guarantees for BP are known, in general.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Wolfgang Gatterbauer

Belief propagation (BP) is a popular method for performing probabilistic inference on graphical models. In this work, we enhance BP and propose self-guided belief propagation (SBP) that incorporates the pairwise potentials only gradually.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Christian Knoll , Adrian Weller , Franz Pernkopf

The belief propagation (BP) algorithm is an efficient way to solve "inference" problems in graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. The system-state probability distribution of CSMA wireless networks is a Markov…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-07-15 Cai Hong Kai , Soung Chang Liew

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the use of belief propagation - an algorithm originally introduced for performing statistical inference on graphical models - for approximate, but highly efficient, tensor network contraction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Joseph Tindall , Grace M. Sommers , Hilbert Kappen

Tensor network contraction on arbitrary graphs is a fundamental computational challenge with applications ranging from quantum simulation to error correction. While belief propagation (BP) provides a powerful approximation algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Siddhant Midha , Yifan F. Zhang

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely-used message-passing algorithm for computing marginal distributions in graphical models with discrete variables. At the core of the BP message updates, when applied to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

Belief propagation is known to perform extremely well in many practical statistical inference and learning problems using graphical models, even in the presence of multiple loops. The iterative use of belief propagation algorithm on loopy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Xiangqiong Shi , Dan Schonfeld , Daniela Tuninetti

Belief propagation is a well-studied algorithm for approximating local marginals of multivariate probability distribution over complex networks, while tensor network states are powerful tools for quantum and classical many-body problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-08 Chu Guo , Dario Poletti , Itai Arad

This paper is motivated by two applications, namely i) generalizations of cuckoo hashing, a computationally simple approach to assigning keys to objects, and ii) load balancing in content distribution networks, where one is interested in…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-09 Mathieu Leconte , Marc Lelarge , Laurent Massoulié

We apply Guo and Wang's relaxed belief propagation (BP) method to the estimation of a random vector from linear measurements followed by a componentwise probabilistic measurement channel. Relaxed BP uses a Gaussian approximation in standard…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-05-19 Sundeep Rangan

A number of problems in statistical physics and computer science can be expressed as the computation of marginal probabilities over a Markov random field. Belief propagation, an iterative message-passing algorithm, computes exactly such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-23 Victorin Martin , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Cyril Furtlehner

Support vector machines (SVMs) are an extremely successful type of classification and regression algorithms. Building an SVM entails solving a constrained convex quadratic programming problem, which is quadratic in the number of training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-11-15 Danny Bickson , Elad Yom-Tov , Danny Dolev

Belief propagation (BP) can do exact inference in loop-free graphs, but its performance could be poor in graphs with loops, and the understanding of its solution is limited. This work gives an interpretable belief propagation rule that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Dong Liu , Nima N. Moghadam , Lars K. Rasmussen , Jinliang Huang , Saikat Chatterjee