Related papers: Better results with homogeneous biological macromo…
Mammalian cells have about 30,000-fold more protein molecules than mRNA molecules. This larger number of molecules and the associated larger dynamic range have major implications in the development of proteomics technologies. We examine…
Living organisms survive and multiply even though they have uncertain and incomplete information about their environment and imperfect models to predict the consequences of their actions. Bayesian models have been proposed to face this…
In biomedical research, validation of a new scientific discovery is tied to the reproducibility of its experimental results. However, in genomics, the definition and implementation of reproducibility still remain imprecise. Here, we argue…
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are molecules that are present in any life form. Their most notable function is to encode biological information. Why then would a physicist be interested in these molecules? As we will see, DNA is an…
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an emerging experimental method to characterize the structure of large biomolecular assemblies. Single particle cryo-EM records 2D images (so-called micrographs) of projections of the three-dimensional…
New technologies have enabled the investigation of biology and human health at an unprecedented scale and in multiple dimensions. These dimensions include a myriad of properties describing genome, epigenome, transcriptome, microbiome,…
Feynman once asked physicists to build better electron microscopes to be able to watch biology at work. While electron microscopes can now provide atomic resolution, electron beam induced specimen damage precludes high resolution imaging of…
Reproducibility is an important feature of science; experiments are retested, and analyses are repeated. Trust in the findings increases when consistent results are achieved. Despite the importance of reproducibility, significant work is…
Living organisms are not just random collections of organic molecules. There is continuous information processing going on in the apparent bouncing around of molecules of life. Optimisation criteria in this information processing can be…
Molecules containing short-lived, radioactive nuclei are uniquely positioned to enable a wide range of scientific discoveries in the areas of fundamental symmetries, astrophysics, nuclear structure, and chemistry. Recent advances in the…
Conventional microscopic records represent intensity distributions whereby local sample information is mapped onto local information at the detector. In coherent microscopy, the superposition principle of waves holds; field amplitudes are…
An ensemble of directed macromolecules on a lattice is considered, where the constituting molecules are chosen as a random sequence of N different types. The same type of molecules experiences a hard-core (exclusion) interaction. We study…
Cryo-electron microscopy can now routinely deliver atomic resolution structures for a variety of biological systems. The relevance and value of these structures is directly related to their ability to help rationalize experimental…
Throughout our history, we, humans, have sought to better control and understand our environment. To this end, we have extended our natural senses with a host of sensors-tools that enable us to detect both the very large, such as the…
Computer simulation plays a central role in modern day materials science. The utility of a given computational approach depends largely on the balance it provides between accuracy and computational cost. Molecular crystals are a class of…
Human physiology and pathology arise from the coordinated interactions of diverse single cells. However, analyzing single cells has been limited by the low sensitivity and throughput of analytical methods. DNA sequencing has recently made…
Recently, much attention has been focused on the replicability of scientific results, causing scientists, statisticians, and journal editors to examine closely their methodologies and publishing criteria. Experimental particle physicists…
Many processes in biology, from the regulation of gene expression in bacteria to memory in the brain, involve switches constructed from networks of biochemical reactions. Crucial molecules are present in small numbers, raising questions…
It is shown, for the first time, that negative refraction with positive phase velocity refraction can be realized (and controlled) over a wide range of frequency on the first (lowest) pass band of simple photonic and phononic crystals.…
Enzymes are on the front lines of evolution. All living organisms rely on highly efficient, specific enzymes for growth, sustenance, and reproduction; and many diseases are a consequence of a mutation on an enzyme that affects its catalytic…