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The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been used to describe phase transitions in a variety of physical systems. In crystalline solids, the breaking of certain symmetries, such as mirror symmetry, is difficult to detect…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-01 Bryan T. Fichera , Anshul Kogar , Linda Ye , Bilal Gökce , Alfred Zong , Joseph G. Checkelsky , Nuh Gedik

Frequency conversion processes, such as second- and third-harmonic generation, are one of the most common effects in nonlinear optics which offer many opportunities for photonics, chemistry, material science, characterization, and…

Optics · Physics 2017-06-26 Alexander Krasnok , Mykhailo Tymchenko , Andrea Alu

We predict frequency multiplication of surface acoustic waves in dielectric substrates via the ferromagnetic resonance of adjacent magnetic transducers when driven by microwaves. We find pure second harmonic generation (SHG) without any…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Chengyuan Cai , Xi-Han Zhou , Weichao Yu , Tao Yu

Plasmons facilitate a strong confinement and enhancement of near-field light, offering exciting opportunities to enhance nonlinear optical responses at the nanoscale. However, despite significant advancements, the electrically tunable range…

Angle-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of ZnO microwires show characteristic Fano resonances in the spectral vicinity of exciton-polariton modes. The output SHG spectra after SHG interacting with exciton polariton shows a…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental nonlinear optical phenomenon widely used both for experimental probes of materials and for application to optical devices. Even-order nonlinear optical responses including SHG generally…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Kazuaki Takasan , Takahiro Morimoto , Joseph Orenstein , Joel E. Moore

High complexity, dense integrated nanophotonic circuits possessing strong nonlinearities are desirable for a breadth of applications in classical and quantum optics. In this work, we study natural phase matching via modal engineering in…

Optics · Physics 2018-05-30 Jia-Yang Chen. Yong Meng Sua , Heng Fan , Yu-ping Huang

We report a direct observation on the unique laterally emitted surface second harmonic generation (SHG) in a single ZnTe nanowire. The highly directional surface SHG signal that polarizes along the direction vertical to the nanowire growth…

Optics · Physics 2013-08-16 Weiwei Liu , Kai Wang , Zhe Liu , Guozhen Shen , Peixiang Lu

We review the physics and some applications of photonic structures designed for the realisation of strong $\textit{nonlinear chiroptical response}$. We pay much attention to the recent strategy of utilizing different types of…

Optics · Physics 2023-11-10 Kirill Koshelev , Pavel Tonkaev , Yuri Kivshar

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a powerful probe of electron dynamics on attosecond to femtosecond timescales and has been successfully used to detect electronic and structural changes in solid-state quantum materials, including…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-21 Daniel A. Rehn , Towfiq Ahmed , Jinkyoung Yoo , Rohit Prasankumar , Jian-Xin Zhu

Third-harmonic generation (THG) is a key nonlinear optical process for ultrafast imaging, terahertz (THz) signal generation, and symmetry-sensitive probes, often dominating in centrosymmetric materials where lower-order responses vanish.…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-09 Sanjay Sarkar , Debottam Mandal , Amit Agarwal

We demonstrate unexpectedly strong second harmonic generation (SHG) in Argon gas by use of spatiotemporally focused (SF) femtosecond laser pulses. The resulting SHG by the SF scheme at a 75 cm distance shows a significantly enhanced…

The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility $\Pi^{(2)}$ for second harmonic generation is calculated for gapped graphene. The linear and second-order nonlinear plasmon excitations are investigated in context of second harmonic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Godfrey Gumbs , Yonatan Abranyos , Upali Aparajita , Oleksiy Roslyak

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) enables orientational polarimetry for crystallographic analysis and domain imaging of various materials. However, conventional intensity polarimetry, which neglects phase information, fails to…

The nonlinear frequency conversion of low-temporal-coherent light holds a variety of applications and has attracted considerable interest. However, its physical mechanism remains relatively unexplored, and the conversion efficiency and…

Plasmonic metasurfaces have emerged as a promising platform for enhancing a range of nonlinear optical processes, offering compact geometry and flexibility in light manipulation. Second order nonlinear processes, like second harmonic…

Metasurfaces have long served as a cornerstone technique to enhance nonlinear processes, enabling frequency conversion, efficient light manipulation and integrated photonic devices. However, traditional bulk materials often suffer from high…

Nonlinear metasurfaces offer new paradigm for boosting optical effect beyond limitations of conventional materials. In this work, we present an alternative way to produce pronounced third-harmonic generation (THG) based on nonlinear field…

It is generally argued that material classes with inversion symmetry do not produce bulk dipole related second harmonic generation (SHG). So, SHG is then either ascribed to surface effects or bulk related electric quadrupole or magnetic…

We have developed a numerical method for calculating the second harmonic generation (SHG) generated by an anisotropic material whose optical properties present an arbitrary modulation in one dimension. The method is based on the Berreman…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-31 J. Ortega , C. L. Folcia , J. Etxebarria