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We study surface second-harmonic generation (SHG) from a singular plasmonic structure consisting of touching metallic wires. We use the technique of transformation optics and relate the structure to a rather simpler geometry, a slab…

Bianisotropy is a powerful concept enabling asymmetric optical response, including asymmetric reflection, absorption, optical forces, light trapping, and lasing. The physical origin of these asymmetric effects can be understood from…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ehsan Mobini , Rasoul Alaee , Robert W. Boyd , Ksenia Dolgaleva

The origin of the second harmonic generation (SHG) from plasmonic structures remains a subject of debate. Here, we investigate SHG from gold plasmonic nanostructures by scanning nanostructures at the single-particle level to acquire…

This study presents an investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) resulting from interaction of radially polarized laser beam propagating in homogeneous, unmagnetized plasma. Lorentz force and continuity equations have been used to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shivani Aggarwal , Saumya Singh , Dinkar Mishra , Bhupesh Kumar , Pallavi Jha

We show that the nonlinear optical response reflects sensitively the electronic structure of transition-metal surfaces and interfaces. $d$ and $s$ electrons may contribute rather differently to the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal.…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 W. H"ubner , K. H. Bennemann , K. Böhmer

We report on strong enhancement of mid-infrared second harmonic generation (SHG) from SiC nanopillars due to the resonant excitation of localized surface phonon-polaritons within the Reststrahlen band. The magnitude of the SHG peak at the…

Second harmonic generation (SHG), as one of the most significant \c{hi}(2) nonlinear optical processes, plays crucial roles in a broad variety of optical and photonic applications. Designing various delicate schemes to achieve highly…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-01 Lei Wang , XiuQuan Zhang , Feng Chen

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness that circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-31 Wontaek Kim , Gyouil Jeong , Juseung Oh , Jihun Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Sunmin Ryu

We report on the linear and nonlinear optical response of metamaterials evoked by first and second order multipoles. The analytical ground on which our approach bases permits for new insights into the functionality of metamaterials. For the…

It is of fundamental importance but challenging to simultaneously identify atomic and magnetic configurations of two-dimensional van der Waals materials. In this work, we show that the nonreciprocal second-harmonic generation (SHG) can be a…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-07-15 Wenshen Song , Ruixiang Fei , Li Yang

We experimentally explore the fingerprint of the microscopic electron dynamics in second-order harmonic generation (SHG). It is shown that the interbond electron hopping induces a novel source of nonlinear polarization and plays an…

We theoretically demonstrate x-ray second harmonic generation (SHG) with strong-field-driven high harmonic generation (HHG) from core electrons in gas-phase atoms, highlighting its potential as a powerful spectroscopic tool for studying…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Xinhua Xie

Nonlinear metamaterials show potential for realizing flat nonlinear optical devices but generally lack in terms of achievable conversion efficiencies. Recent work has focused on enhancing nonlinear processes by utilizing high quality factor…

We report the observations of unexpected layer-dependent, strong, and anisotropic second harmonic generations (SHGs) in atomically thin ReS2. Appreciable (negligible) SHGs are obtained from even (odd) numbers of ReS2 layers, which is…

Optics · Physics 2018-08-20 Yu Song , Siqi Hu , Miao-Ling Lin , Xuetao Gan , Ping-Heng Tan , Jianlin Zhao

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a quintessential probe of inversion symmetry breaking in condensed matter. While perturbative $\chi^{(2)}$ processes are well-documented, the nonperturbative regime under intense driving remains largely…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-08 Keisuke Kitayama , Masao Ogata

Understanding the mechanisms and spatial correlations of crystallographic symmetry breaking in ferroelectric materials is essential to tuning their functional properties. While optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has long been utilized…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-10 Wei Li , Yunpeng Ma , Tianyi Feng , Sergei V. Kalinin , Jing-Feng Li , Qian Li

We propose a nonlinear acoustic metasurface concept by exploiting the nonlinearity of the locally resonant unit cells formed by curved beams. The analytical model is established to explore the nonlinear phenomenon, specifically the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Zhenkun Lin , Yuning Zhang , K. W. Wang , Serife Tol

We combine modeling and experiments to investigate second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG/THG) in metal-indium tin oxide (ITO) metasurfaces. Linear optics at normal incidence show moderate field enhancement near the ITO…

Optical second harmonic generation is a second-order nonlinear process that combines two photons of a given frequency into a third photon at twice the frequency. Due to the symmetry constraints, it is widely used as a sensitive probe to…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental nonlinear optical process widely used in photonics; however, it is strictly forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials due to their inversion symmetry. Nevertheless, applying an…