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Software implements a significant proportion of functionality in factory automation. Thus, efficient development and the reuse of software parts, so-called units, enhance competitiveness. Thereby, complex control software units are more…
Measuring software complexity plays an important role to meet the demands of complex software. The cyclomatic complexity is one of most used and renowned metric among the other three proposed and researched metrics that are namely: Line of…
People demand for software quality is growing increasingly, thus different scales for the software are growing fast to handle the quality of software. The software complexity metric is one of the measurements that use some of the internal…
This paper proposes some new architectural metrics which are appropriate for evaluating the architectural attributes of a software system. The main feature of our approach is to assess the complexity of a software architecture by analyzing…
Software systems are expansive, exhibiting behaviors characteristic of complex systems, such as self-organization and emergence. These systems, highlighted by advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI applications developed…
Code readability and software complexity are important software quality metrics that impact other software metrics such as maintainability, reusability, portability and reliability. This paper presents an empirical study of the…
Software is among the most complex endeavors of the human mind; large scale systems can have tens of millions of lines of source code. However, seldom is complexity measured above the lowest level of code, and sometimes source code files or…
Software code complexity is a well-studied property to determine software component health. However, the existing code complexity metrics do not directly take into account the fault-proneness aspect of the code. We propose a metric called…
Software engineering is continuously facing the challenges of growing complexity of software packages and increased level of data on defects and drawbacks from software production process. This makes a clarion call for inventions and…
Well structured and readable source code is a pre-requisite for maintainable software and successful collaboration among developers. Static analysis enables the automated extraction of code complexity and readability metrics which can be…
Software metric plays a vital role in quantitative assessment of any specific software development methodology and its impact on the maintenance of software. It can also be used to indicate the degree of interdependence among the components…
Code complexity metrics such as cyclomatic complexity have long been used to assess software quality and maintainability. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) on coding tasks, an important yet underexplored question…
Complexity in engineered systems presents one of the most persistent challenges in modern development since it is driving cost overruns, schedule delays, and outright project failures. Yet while architectural complexity has been studied,…
Reduce and control complexity is an essential practice in software design. Cyclomatic complexity (CC) is one of the most popular software metrics, applied for more than 40 years. Despite CC is an interesting metric to highlight the number…
Computing devices and associated software govern everyday life, and form the backbone of safety critical systems in banking, healthcare, automotive and other fields. Increasing system complexity, quickly evolving technologies and paradigm…
This chapter serves as an introduction to systems engineering focused on the broad issues surrounding realizing complex integrated systems. What is a system? We pose a number of possible definitions and perspectives, but leave open the…
This work aims at discussing the complexity aspect of software while demonstrating its relationship with security. Complexity is an essential part of software; however, numerous studies indicate that they increase the vulnerability of the…
A good process model is expected not only to reflect the behavior of the process, but also to be as easy to read and understand as possible. Because preferences vary across different applications, numerous measures provide ways to reflect…
Software complexity metrics is essential for minimizing the cost of software maintenance. Package level and System level complexity cannot be measured without class level complexity. This research addresses the class complexity metrics.…
The complex software systems developed nowadays require assessing their quality and proneness to errors. Reducing code complexity is a never-ending problem, especially in today's fast pace of software systems development. Therefore, the…