Related papers: Integrating Factors and First Integrals for a Clas…
The principle of finding an integrating factor for a none exact differential equations is extended to a class of third order differential equations. If the third order equation is not exact, under certain conditions, an integrating factor…
A new problem is studied, the concept of exactness of a second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations is established. A method is constructed to reduce this class into a first order equations. If the second order equation is not…
A higher order difference equation may be generally defined in an arbitrary nonempty set S as: \[ f_{n}(x_{n},x_{n-1},...,x_{n-k})=g_{n}(x_{n},x_{n-1},...,x_{n-k}) \] where $f_{n},g_{n} :S^{k+1}\rightarrow S$ are given functions for…
The scalar difference equation $x_{n+1}=f_{n}(x_{n},x_{n-1},...,x_{n-k})$ may exhibit symmetries in its form that allow for reduction of order through substitution or a change of variables. Such form symmetries can be defined generally…
Single scale Feynman integrals in quantum field theories obey difference or differential equations with respect to their discrete parameter $N$ or continuous parameter $x$. The analysis of these equations reveals to which order they…
We discuss a general method by which a higher order difference equation on a group is transformed into an equivalent triangular system of two difference equations of lower orders. This breakdown into lower order equations is based on the…
In this study, a recursive solution technique in conjunction with generalized integrating factors is presented and applied to address first and second order linear differential equations. This approach demonstrates practical utility in…
This article analysis differential equations which represents damped and fractional oscillators. First, it is shown that prior to using physical quantities in fractional calculus, it is imperative that they are turned dimensionless.…
We obtain closed-form solutions of several inhomogeneous Lienard equations by the factorization method. The two factorization conditions involved in the method are turned into a system of first-order differential equations containing the…
A typical system of k difference (or differential) equations can be compressed, or folded into a difference (or ordinary differential) equation of order k. Such foldings appear in control theory as the canonical forms of the controllability…
Numerical solving differential equations with fractional derivatives requires elimination of the singularity which is inherent in the standard definition of fractional derivatives. The method of integration by parts to eliminate this…
Here we present an algorithm to find elementary first integrals of rational second order ordinary differential equations (SOODEs). In \cite{PS2}, we have presented the first algorithmic way to deal with SOODEs, introducing the basis for the…
The relations between solutions of the three types of totally linear partial differential equations of first order are presented. The approach is based on factorization of a non-homogeneous first order differential operator to products…
Let n be any odd natural number other than a perfect square, in this article it is demonstrated that this new factorization algorithm is much more efficient than the implementation technique [2,3 p.1470], described in this article, of the…
This overview is devoted to splitting methods, a class of numerical integrators intended for differential equations that can be subdivided into different problems easier to solve than the original system. Closely connected with this class…
In this paper, we introduce a new method for calculating fractional integrals and differentials. The method involves an equation that we have obtained from infinite applied integration by parts. The equation works for special class of…
In this paper, we give a detailed account of the algorithm outlined in [1] for Feynman integral reduction and $\varepsilon$-factorised differential equations. The algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step, we use a new geometric…
A new method for finding first integrals of discrete equations is presented. It can be used for discrete equations which do not possess a variational (Lagrangian or Hamiltonian) formulation. The method is based on a newly established…
We present an algorithm which allows to solve analytically linear systems of differential equations which factorize to first order. The solution is given in terms of iterated integrals over an alphabet where its structure is implied by the…
We study differential-difference equation of the form $t_{x}(n+1)=f(t(n),t(n+1),t_x(n))$ with unknown $t=t(n,x)$ depending on $x$, $n$. The equation is called Darboux integrable, if there exist functions $F$ (called an $x$-integral) and $I$…