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Low-precision streaming PCA estimates the top principal component in a streaming setting under limited precision. We establish an information-theoretic lower bound on the quantization resolution required to achieve a target accuracy for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Syamantak Kumar , Shourya Pandey , Purnamrita Sarkar

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique wherein one seeks a low-rank representation of a data matrix with additional sparsity constraints on the obtained representation. We consider two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Yash Deshpande , Andrea Montanari

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimension reduction and embedding of real data in social network analysis, information retrieval, and natural language processing, etc. In this work we propose a fast randomized PCA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Xu Feng , Yuyang Xie , Mingye Song , Wenjian Yu , Jie Tang

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in high-dimensional data analysis. Despite many methodological and theoretical developments in the past two decades, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Teng Zhang , Haoyi Yang , Lingzhou Xue

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) finds the best linear representation of data, and is an indispensable tool in many learning and inference tasks. Classically, principal components of a dataset are interpreted as the directions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Raphael A. Hauser , Armin Eftekhari

Finding informative low-dimensional representations that can be computed efficiently in large datasets is an important problem in data analysis. Recently, contrastive Principal Component Analysis (cPCA) was proposed as a more informative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-16 Siavash Golkar , David Lipshutz , Tiberiu Tesileanu , Dmitri B. Chklovskii

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique commonly used in multivariate data analysis. However, PCA can be difficult to interpret and explain since the principal components (PCs) are linear combinations of the original…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-12-24 W. Liu , H. Zhang , D. Tao , Y. Wang , K. Lu

In the era of big data, reducing data dimensionality is critical in many areas of science. Widely used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) addresses this problem by computing a low dimensional data embedding that maximally explain variance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-24 Soheil Feizi , David Tse

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for data processing, such as for dimension reduction and visualization. Standard PCA is known to be sensitive to outliers, and thus, various robust PCA methods have been proposed.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Keishi Sando , Hideitsu Hino

Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

Oja's algorithm for Streaming Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for $n$ data-points in a $d$ dimensional space achieves the same sin-squared error $O(r_{\mathsf{eff}}/n)$ as the offline algorithm in $O(d)$ space and $O(nd)$ time and a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important methods to handle high dimensional data. However, most of the studies on PCA aim to minimize the loss after projection, which usually measures the Euclidean distance, though in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kai Liu , Qiuwei Li , Hua Wang , Gongguo Tang

We describe and analyze a simple algorithm for principal component analysis and singular value decomposition, VR-PCA, which uses computationally cheap stochastic iterations, yet converges exponentially fast to the optimal solution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Ohad Shamir

Online principal component analysis (PCA) has been an efficient tool in practice to reduce dimension. However, convergence properties of the corresponding ODE are still unknown, including global convergence, stable manifolds, and…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Jian-Guo Liu , Zibu Liu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique in machine learning, applied across various fields such as bioinformatics, computer vision and finance. However, when the response variables…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-25 Theodosios Papazoglou , Guosheng Yin

The problem of principle component analysis (PCA) is traditionally solved by spectral or algebraic methods. We show how computing the leading principal component could be reduced to solving a \textit{small} number of well-conditioned {\it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-26 Dan Garber , Elad Hazan

Previous versions of sparse principal component analysis (PCA) have presumed that the eigen-basis (a $p \times k$ matrix) is approximately sparse. We propose a method that presumes the $p \times k$ matrix becomes approximately sparse after…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-07 Fan Chen , Karl Rohe

Recently popularized randomized methods for principal component analysis (PCA) efficiently and reliably produce nearly optimal accuracy --- even on parallel processors --- unlike the classical (deterministic) alternatives. We adapt one of…

Computation · Statistics 2011-12-23 Nathan Halko , Per-Gunnar Martinsson , Yoel Shkolnisky , Mark Tygert

PCA-Net is a recently proposed neural operator architecture which combines principal component analysis (PCA) with neural networks to approximate operators between infinite-dimensional function spaces. The present work develops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Samuel Lanthaler
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