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Explicating implicit reasoning (i.e. warrants) in arguments is a long-standing challenge for natural language understanding systems. While recent approaches have focused on explicating warrants via crowdsourcing or expert annotations, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Keshav Singh , Paul Reisert , Naoya Inoue , Kentaro Inui

We publicly release a new large-scale dataset, called SearchQA, for machine comprehension, or question-answering. Unlike recently released datasets, such as DeepMind CNN/DailyMail and SQuAD, the proposed SearchQA was constructed to reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Matthew Dunn , Levent Sagun , Mike Higgins , V. Ugur Guney , Volkan Cirik , Kyunghyun Cho

Generating text from structured data is challenging because it requires bridging the gap between (i) structure and natural language (NL) and (ii) semantically underspecified input and fully specified NL output. Multilingual generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Angela Fan , Claire Gardent

Language Models (LMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, enabling high-quality text generation through prompting and in-context learning. However, models often struggle with long-context summarization due to positional biases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Neelabh Sinha

Dialogue meaning representation formulates natural language utterance semantics in their conversational context in an explicit and machine-readable form. Previous work typically follows the intent-slot framework, which is easy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Xiangkun Hu , Junqi Dai , Hang Yan , Yi Zhang , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu , Zheng Zhang

We propose a novel method for exploiting the semantic structure of text to answer multiple-choice questions. The approach is especially suitable for domains that require reasoning over a diverse set of linguistic constructs but have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Daniel Khashabi , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Dan Roth

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Question answering (QA) has become a popular way for humans to access billion-scale knowledge bases. Unlike web search, QA over a knowledge base gives out accurate and concise results, provided that natural language questions can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Wanyun Cui , Yanghua Xiao , Haixun Wang , Yangqiu Song , Seung-won Hwang , Wei Wang

Most of the existing work that focus on the identification of implicit knowledge in arguments generally represent implicit knowledge in the form of commonsense or factual knowledge. However, such knowledge is not sufficient to understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Keshav Singh , Naoya Inoue , Farjana Sultana Mim , Shoichi Naitoh , Kentaro Inui

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) requires reasoning about both the knowledge involved in a document and knowledge about the world. However, existing datasets are typically dominated by questions that can be well solved by context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Yibo Sun , Daya Guo , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Zhao Yan , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin

Question answering (QA) in English has been widely explored, but multilingual datasets are relatively new, with several methods attempting to bridge the gap between high- and low-resourced languages using data augmentation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Arnab Debnath , Navid Rajabi , Fardina Fathmiul Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

The state-of-the-art pre-trained language representation models, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), rarely incorporate commonsense knowledge or other knowledge explicitly. We propose a pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Zhi-Xiu Ye , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Zhen-Hua Ling

The Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a representation for open-domain rich semantics, with potential use in fields like event extraction and machine translation. Node generation, typically done using a simple dictionary lookup, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Keenon Werling , Gabor Angeli , Christopher Manning

Despite extensive research on parsing of English sentences into Abstraction Meaning Representation (AMR) graphs, which are compared to gold graphs via the Smatch metric, full-document parsing into a unified graph representation lacks…

Motivated by suggested question generation in conversational news recommendation systems, we propose a model for generating question-answer pairs (QA pairs) with self-contained, summary-centric questions and length-constrained,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Li Zhou , Kevin Small , Yong Zhang , Sandeep Atluri

Users often assume that large language models (LLMs) share their cognitive alignment of context and intent, leading them to omit critical information in question-answering (QA) and produce ambiguous queries. Responses based on misaligned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zongxi Li , Yang Li , Haoran Xie , S. Joe Qin

Meaning Representations (AMRs) are broad-coverage sentence-level semantic graphs. Existing approaches to generating text from AMR have focused on training sequence-to-sequence or graph-to-sequence models on AMR annotated data only. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Manuel Mager , Ramon Fernandez Astudillo , Tahira Naseem , Md Arafat Sultan , Young-Suk Lee , Radu Florian , Salim Roukos

We present two new large-scale datasets aimed at evaluating systems designed to comprehend a natural language query and extract its answer from a large corpus of text. The Quasar-S dataset consists of 37000 cloze-style (fill-in-the-gap)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Bhuwan Dhingra , Kathryn Mazaitis , William W. Cohen

Pre-trained language models have made great progress on dialogue tasks. However, these models are typically trained on surface dialogue text, thus are proven to be weak in understanding the main semantic meaning of a dialogue context. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Xuefeng Bai , Linfeng Song , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in multi-hop question-answering (M-QA) due to their advanced reasoning abilities. However, the impact of the inherent reasoning structures on LLM M-QA performance remains unclear, largely due to…