Related papers: On the insertion of n-powers
In this paper we investigate the word problem of the free Burnside semigroup satisfying x^2=x^3 and having two generators. Elements of this semigroup are classes of equivalent words. A natural way to solve the word problem is to select a…
In this technical report we describe a general class of monoids for which (sub)sequential rational can be characterised in terms of a congruence relation in the flavour of Myhill-Nerode relation. The class of monoids that we consider can be…
The real type of a finite family of univariate polynomials characterizes the combined sign behavior of the polynomials over the real line. We derive an explicit formula for the number of real types subject to given degree bounds. For the…
In this paper, the Identity Problem for certain groups, which asks if the subsemigroup generated by a given finite set of elements contains the identity element, is related to problems regarding ordered groups. Notably, the Identity Problem…
We describe a practical algorithm for computing normal forms for semigroups and monoids with finite presentations satisfying so-called small overlap conditions. Small overlap conditions are natural conditions on the relations in a…
The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n})$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ pointwise within $1/3$. Upper bounds on approximate degree have a variety of applications in…
We consider associative algebras over a field. An algebra variety is said to be {\em Lie nilpotent} if it satisfies a polynomial identity of the kind $[x_1, x_2, ..., x_n] = 0$ where $[x_1,x_2] = x_1x_2 - x_2x_1$ and $[x_1, x_2, ..., x_n]$…
In the general context of presentations of monoids, we study normalisation processes that are determined by their restriction to length-two words. Garside's greedy normal forms and quadratic convergent rewriting systems, in particular those…
The positive effect of adding subword information to word embeddings has been demonstrated for predictive models. In this paper we investigate whether similar benefits can also be derived from incorporating subwords into counting models. We…
Pseudo-Boolean constraints are omnipresent in practical applications, and thus a significant effort has been devoted to the development of good SAT encoding techniques for them. Some of these encodings first construct a Binary Decision…
A power is a word of the form $\underbrace{uu...u}_{k \; \text{times}}$, where $u$ is a word and $k$ is a positive integer and a square is a word of the form $uu$. Fraenkel and Simpson conjectured in 1998 that the number of distinct squares…
A first-order formula is called primitive positive (pp) if it only admits the use of existential quantifiers and conjunction. Pp-formulas are a central concept in (fixed-template) constraint satisfaction since CSP($\Gamma$) can be viewed as…
Let $\Lambda^{\ast}$ be the free monoid of (finite) words over a not necessarily finite alphabet $\Lambda$, which is equipped with some (partial) order. This ordering lifts to $\Lambda^{\ast}$, where it extends the divisibility ordering of…
This paper is the second in a series investigating cartesian closed varieties. In first of these, we showed that every non-degenerate finitary cartesian variety is a variety of sets equipped with an action by a Boolean algebra B and a…
Let $M(A,I)$ be a free partially commutative monoid with involution and $G(A,I)$ be its quotient group, e.g. a right-angled Artin or Coxeter group. Given a system of word equations over $M(A,I)$ with recognizable constraints with input size…
We study logics defined in terms of second-order monadic monoidal and groupoidal quantifiers. These are generalized quantifiers defined by monoid and groupoid word-problems, equivalently, by regular and context-free languages. We give a…
Sequential word order is important when processing text. Currently, neural networks (NNs) address this by modeling word position using position embeddings. The problem is that position embeddings capture the position of individual words,…
In the polynomial ring $T=k[y_1,...,y_n]$, with $n>1$, we bound the multiplicity of homogeneous radical ideals $I\subset (y_1^{a_1},...,y_n^{a_n})$ such that $T/I$ is a graded $k$-algebra with Krull dimension one. As a consequence we solve…
We establish a new sufficient condition under which a monoid is non-finitely based and apply this condition to Lee monoids $L_\ell^1$, obtained by adjoining an identity element to the semigroup generated by two idempotents $a$ and $b$…
Modal logics allow reasoning about various modes of truth: for example, what it means for something to be possibly true, or to know that something is true as opposed to merely believing it. This report describes embeddings of propositional…