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Word vector representations open up new opportunities to extract useful information from unstructured text. Defining a word as a vector made it easy for the machine learning algorithms to understand a text and extract information from. Word…
Representing words by vectors, or embeddings, enables computational reasoning and is foundational to automating natural language tasks. For example, if word embeddings of similar words contain similar values, word similarity can be readily…
Word2Vec (W2V) and GloVe are popular, fast and efficient word embedding algorithms. Their embeddings are widely used and perform well on a variety of natural language processing tasks. Moreover, W2V has recently been adopted in the field of…
GloVe learns word embeddings by leveraging statistical information from word co-occurrence matrices. However, word pairs in the matrices are extracted from a predefined local context window, which might lead to limited word pairs and…
Word embedding is designed to represent the semantic meaning of a word with low dimensional vectors. The state-of-the-art methods of learning word embeddings (word2vec and GloVe) only use the word co-occurrence information. The learned…
We propose to learn word embeddings from visual co-occurrences. Two words co-occur visually if both words apply to the same image or image region. Specifically, we extract four types of visual co-occurrences between object and attribute…
Semantic word embeddings represent the meaning of a word via a vector, and are created by diverse methods. Many use nonlinear operations on co-occurrence statistics, and have hand-tuned hyperparameters and reweighting methods. This paper…
Word embedding systems such as Word2Vec and GloVe are well-known in deep learning approaches to NLP. This is largely due to their ability to capture semantic relationships between words. In this work we investigated their usefulness in…
One of the long-standing challenges in lexical semantics consists in learning representations of words which reflect their semantic properties. The remarkable success of word embeddings for this purpose suggests that high-quality…
Neural language models are a powerful tool to embed words into semantic vector spaces. However, learning such models generally relies on the availability of abundant and diverse training examples. In highly specialised domains this…
Word embeddings are one of the most useful tools in any modern natural language processing expert's toolkit. They contain various types of information about each word which makes them the best way to represent the terms in any NLP task. But…
Deep learning natural language processing models often use vector word embeddings, such as word2vec or GloVe, to represent words. A discrete sequence of words can be much more easily integrated with downstream neural layers if it is…
Word embedding models such as GloVe are widely used in natural language processing (NLP) research to convert words into vectors. Here, we provide a preliminary guide to probe latent emotions in text through GloVe word vectors. First, we…
Co-occurrence statistics based word embedding techniques have proved to be very useful in extracting the semantic and syntactic representation of words as low dimensional continuous vectors. In this work, we discovered that dictionary…
Learning a high-dimensional dense representation for vocabulary terms, also known as a word embedding, has recently attracted much attention in natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. The embedding vectors are typically…
Models such as Word2Vec and GloVe construct word embeddings based on the co-occurrence probability $P(i,j)$ of words $i$ and $j$ in text corpora. The resulting vectors $W_i$ not only group semantically similar words but also exhibit a…
Most network embedding algorithms consist in measuring co-occurrences of nodes via random walks then learning the embeddings using Skip-Gram with Negative Sampling. While it has proven to be a relevant choice, there are alternatives, such…
This paper takes a step towards theoretical analysis of the relationship between word embeddings and context embeddings in models such as word2vec. We start from basic probabilistic assumptions on the nature of word vectors, context…
Static word embeddings are ubiquitous in computational social science applications and contribute to practical decision-making in a variety of fields including law and healthcare. However, assessing the statistical uncertainty in downstream…
Word embeddings have been found to capture a surprisingly rich amount of syntactic and semantic knowledge. However, it is not yet sufficiently well-understood how the relational knowledge that is implicitly encoded in word embeddings can be…