Related papers: The Descartes circles theorem and division by zero…
The Descartes circle theorem states that if four circles are mutually tangent with disjoint intersion, then their curvatures (or "bends) b_j = 1/r_j satisfy the relation (b_1 + b_2 + b_3 + b_4)^2 = 2(b_1^2 + b_2^2 + b_3^2 + b_4^2). We show…
A formula for the radii and positions of four circles in the plane for an arbitrary linearly independent circle configuration is found. Among special cases is the recent extended Descartes Theorem on the Descartes configuration and an…
Descartes' circle theorem relates the curvatures of four mutually externally tangent circles, three "petal" circles around the exterior of a central circle, forming a "$3$-flower" configuration. We generalise this theorem to the case of an…
Basic arithmetic is the cornerstone of mathematics and computer sciences. In arithmetic, 'division by zero' is an undefined operation and any attempt at extending logic for algebraic division to incorporate division by zero has resulted in…
In Descartes' five circle problem integer curvatures (inverse radii) are considered. The positive integer curvature triple [c_1, c_2, c_3] (dimensionless), with non-decreasing entries for three given mutually touching circles, leading to…
Results in Wasan geometry of tangents circles can still be considered in a singular case by the division by 0.
In his talk "Integral Apollonian disk Packings" Peter Sarnak asked if there is a "proof from the Book" of the Descartes theorem on circles. A candidate for such a proof is presented in this note
This work studies slice functions over finite-dimensional division algebras. Their zero sets are studied in detail along with their multiplicative inverses, for which some unexpected phenomena are discovered. The results are applied to…
The Pythagorean Theorem has been proved in hundreds of ways, yet it inspires fresh insights through geometry and trigonometry. In this paper, we offer a new proof based on three circles that circumscribe the sides of a right triangle.…
A proof is reconstructed for a useful theorem on the zeros of derivatives of analytic functions due to H. M. Macdonald, which appears to be now little known. The Theorem states that, if a function $f(z)$ is analytic inside a bounded region…
In geometry, Monge's theorem states that for any three nonoverlapping circles of distinct radii in the two dimensional analytical plane equipped with the Euclidean metric, none of which is completely inside one of the others, the…
From the viewpoints of the division by zero $1/0=0/0=z/0=0$ and the division by zero calculus, we will examine the mysterious properties of the point at infinity in the sense of the Alexandroff one compactification of the complex plane…
The theorem of three circles in real algebraic geometry guarantees the termination and correctness of an algorithm of isolating real roots of a univariate polynomial. The main idea of its proof is to consider polynomials whose roots belong…
The Three Gap Theorem states that for any $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$ and $N \in \mathbb{N}$, the fractional parts of $\{ 0\alpha, 1\alpha, \dots, (N - 1)\alpha \}$ partition the unit circle into gaps of at most three distinct lengths. We prove…
A novel method with two variations is proposed with which the number of positive and negative zeros of a polynomial with real coefficients and degree $n$ can be restricted with significantly better determinacy than that provided by the…
The example of the calculus is used to explain how simple, practical math was made enormously complex by imposing on it the Western religiously-colored notion of mathematics as "perfect". We describe a pedagogical experiment to make math…
The fixed-point theory and its applications to various areas of science are well known. In this paper we present some existence and uniqueness theorems for fixed circles of self-mappings on metric spaces with geometric interpretation. We…
By a transfer principle Pascal's Theorem is equivalent to a theorem about point pairs on the real line. It appears that Pascal's Theorem is equivalent to the vanishing of a common invariant of six quadratic forms. Using the q-deformed…
To allow for Division By Zero, we develop a new algebraic structure containing addition and multiplication called an S-Extension of a Field. This unique structure extends a Field so that the equation $0\cdot s=x$ has exactly one solution…
Segre's theorem on ovals in projective spaces is an ingenious result from the mid-twentieth century which requires surprisingly little background to prove. This note, suitable for undergraduates with experience of linear and abstract…